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排序方式: 共有63条查询结果,搜索用时 23 毫秒
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本文分析了我国对于稀土产品出口外贸管制面临的几大瓶颈问题:内外贸政策的一致性、价格传导机制影响实体经济、环境保护及可持续发展问题。通过分析发现,出口限制有效地改善了出口的价格劣势,但是国内市场行业集中度的提高和企业分散经营同时并存;管制让市场形成了价格上涨的预期,引致企业之间的无序扩张,放大了产业链的“牛鞭效应”并最终损害了行业利益;虽然能源利用效率得到提高,但对环境污染问题却有加重趋势,尤其是在稀土金属矿采选行业。最后提出需要转变监管方式,以资源税、环境税替代关税等措施;让市场信息充分流动.减少行政干预,改变国有企业独大的现状:加强环境保护的监管等。  相似文献   
2.
In an article from 1973, Rittel and Webber distinguished between ‘tame’ or ‘benign’ problems on the one hand and ‘wicked’ problems on the other. The authors argued that wicked problems occur in nearly all public policy issues. Since different groups adhere to different value-sets, solutions can only be expressed as better or worse. By no means can they be viewed as definitive or objective. In this paper we consider, from this very angle, the theory of social choice which is about the aggregation of individual preferences with the aim to derive a consistent social preference. We show that collective choice offers wicked problems of various types which differ in their degree of severity. We hereby concentrate on welfare functions and voting schemes of different kinds and discuss these in the light of various criteria such as Arrow's independence condition, Condorcet consistency, monotonicity, manipulability, and other properties.  相似文献   
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本文构建了一个动态时间一致性模型,并利用中国数据对养老保险体系的动态时间一致性做了经验检验和动态预测。研究发现,按照帕累托效率标准对养老保险体系的参数或结构进行调整只是手段,而提高动态时间一致性才是目的。一项养老改革只有在能够同时增进社会福利和个人投资收益率时,才符合动态时间一致性原则;经验检验表明,1978~2012年间,现收现付制向基金制转轨是不符合动态时间一致性原则的;而1994年之后,将统筹比率控制在06~075之间,则有利于提高养老保险体系的动态时间一致性。预测结果表明,中国政府在2014~2037年和2038~2044年间应将统筹比率分别控制在06~09和025~06之间。  相似文献   
4.
In this paper, we study a Bayesian approach to flexible modeling of conditional distributions. The approach uses a flexible model for the joint distribution of the dependent and independent variables and then extracts the conditional distributions of interest from the estimated joint distribution. We use a finite mixture of multivariate normals (FMMN) to estimate the joint distribution. The conditional distributions can then be assessed analytically or through simulations. The discrete variables are handled through the use of latent variables. The estimation procedure employs an MCMC algorithm. We provide a characterization of the Kullback–Leibler closure of FMMN and show that the joint and conditional predictive densities implied by the FMMN model are consistent estimators for a large class of data generating processes with continuous and discrete observables. The method can be used as a robust regression model with discrete and continuous dependent and independent variables and as a Bayesian alternative to semi- and non-parametric models such as quantile and kernel regression. In experiments, the method compares favorably with classical nonparametric and alternative Bayesian methods.  相似文献   
5.
存在遗漏变量时回归系数的估计是计量经济学的一个重要内容。本文讨论单方程计量经济模型中随机解释变量的内生性,指出了目前的计量经济理论所存在的问题,提出了普通最小二乘估计一致性判别的新方法,并证明了存在遗漏变量情况下的普通最小二乘估计仍是一致估计。  相似文献   
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于忠江 《南方经济》2007,39(11):63-71
本文的切入点是影响山西省农民负担决定的因素,分析的重点是既有文献中暗含的“高级别地方政府无关假定”。以城市为分析单位,使用计量经济学中面板数据的分析方法,本文的研究结果证实了已有的两种主要理论观点(非农收入理论与财政支出理论)的稳健性;这就意味着“高级别地方政府无关假定”是与事实不符的假定,这样的假定会局限人们对农民负担问题的深入理解。同时,这样的发现还意味着在农民负担决定问题上,各级地方政府的行为存在着某种事实上的一致性,从而为分析财政分权体制下政府竞争或串谋存在的范围提供了一个重要的案例。  相似文献   
8.
Another Approach to Data Envelopment Analysis in Noisy Environments: DEA+   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
In this paper a DEA+ labeled approach for efficiency measurement in the stochastic case is presented along with a consistency proof and some preliminary evidence illustrating the small sample performance. DEA+ can basically handle multi-output technologies like standard DEA but allows to filter noise, that might have disturbed production and unlike a related approach does not require panel data. Consistency of DEA+ relies on the assumption of i.i.d. distributed and bounded noise and requires radial efficiency measurement. First Monte Carlo experiments show that a DEA+ based average inefficiency estimator performs well for samples of size n=100 in one-output, two-input settings compared to the corresponding Stochastic Frontier Estimator. Sensitivity of DEA+ performance with respect to parametrization of noise is weak, but higher noise contribution requires much larger sample size for satisfactory results.  相似文献   
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This paper argues that the stock-flow consistent approach tomacroeconomic modelling (SFCA) is a natural outcome of the pathtaken by Keynesian macroeconomic thought in the 1960s and 1970s,a theoretical ‘frontier’ that remained largely unexploredwith the end of Keynesian academic hegemony. It does so in twosteps. First, it phrases the representative views of Davidson,Godley, Minsky and Tobin as different ‘closures’of the same (SFC) accounting framework, calling attention totheir similarities and logical implications. Second, it discussesunresolved issues within this approach and how it differs from‘modern’ theorising.  相似文献   
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