Are Securitizations in Substance Sales or Secured Borrowings? Capital‐Market Evidence*

Two standard‐setting approaches have emerged globally to guide the choice of accounting for securitizations: the control and components approach (SFAS No. 125 and SFAS No. 140) and the risks and rewards transfer approach (IAS No. 39). A lack of consensus about derecognition accounting is a major impediment to achieving convergence in global standards that must be resolved. Thus, both SFAS No. 140 and IAS No. 39 will be reexamined, and evidence pertinent to the debate is timely and important. In this study, we present evidence consistent with the view of credit‐rating analysts, who view many securitizations as, in substance, secured borrowings. Specifically, for a sample of originators applying sale accounting guidance in SFAS No. 125 / 140 during the period 1997‐2003, we show that off‐balance‐sheet debt related to securitizations has, on average, the same risk‐relevance for explaining market measures of risk (that is, CAPM beta) as on‐balance‐sheet debt. We also find that, in a returns and earnings association framework, the pricing multiple on securitization gains declines as the amount of off‐balance‐sheet debt increases, implying that investors take off‐balance‐sheet debt into account when assessing the valuation‐relevance of such gains. For those who advocate the control and components approach to securitization accounting, our results suggest that, at least for frequent securitizers, the put option arising from implicit recourse is a “missing piece” that is not currently accounted for when calculating securitization gains. Our results challenge the extant measurement standards in SFAS No. 140.     

金融发展和经济增长：文献述评

20世纪90年代以来，有关金融发展和经济增长问题的研究成为经济学领域一个热点，相关文献汗牛充栋。本文就金融发展和经济增长的理论研究和实证研究进行系统地分析和综述。     

安徽省城市用地扩展研究——以六安市为例

以六安市为例,利用相关城市统计资料、相关城市图件,对撤地设市十年来六安城区土地扩展情况进行研究,并分析其驱动力因素。得出撤地设市以来六安市城市扩展速度明显增加,尤其2008—2010年扩展量占十年来总扩展量的34．07％,且年均增加4．88kmu;城市扩展动态度和城市用地效率也呈现明显的上：升趋势。城市扩展及其方向受到了社会经济条件、人口、交通、政策等因素的影响。     

The impact on stock prices of deferral and elimination of internal control audit requirement for small firms

This paper examines the cumulative market reaction to the events related to deferral of internal control audit requirement under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and its elimination under the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 for nonaccelerated filers (small firms). We document that small firms experienced negative cumulative abnormal returns around these events; and the differences between the cumulative abnormal returns for small firms and the two control groups (accelerated and large accelerated filers) were negative and significant at the 1% level. These results support the notion that market participants value the reliability of financial information irrespective of the firm size. Within the small firms, we find no firm characteristic significantly explains the market reaction to the events considered. That is, all small firms lost market value in reaction to the events that delayed and eliminated their internal control audit requirement.     

国有商业银行亏损问题研究

由于产权单一、多次降息、资产质量差、无序竞争、财政虚收等十个方面的主客观原因 ,导致了我国国有商业银行严重的经营亏损 ,潜藏着巨大的金融风险 ,但由于有国家信用的强力支撑 ,暂时不会出现金融危机。要解决国有银行亏损问题 ,必须为其创造良好外部环境、进行产权制度改革、发展全能银行和加强金融监管。     

物质生产力与精神生产力：一种批评性辨析

物质生产和生产力同精神生产和生产力具有本质的区别。在社会分工的意义上,文学、艺术、道德、宗教和哲学等精神生产和生产力受物质生产和生产力的决定;在物质生产内部分工的意义上,物质生产和生产力包含了某些精神过程和精神特征,即与体力劳动相对的脑力劳动。不能把物质生产等同于体力劳动,把精神生产等同于脑力劳动。一方面要充分肯定精神生产和脑力劳动对社会历史愈益重要的作用,另一方面又必须确认物质生产和生产力对社会历史的决定作用,这二者并不矛盾。因为这是两个不同层面的问题,后者作为一种“总的趋势”处于社会历史本质和规律的层面,前者则作为一些“个别”存在形式和发展方式处于社会历史的现象具体的层面。     

县域优势产业与金融资源配置分析——以吉林省长白县经济发展为例

相比较大中城市全方位的经济发展模式,县域经济的发展应发挥比较优势,突出特色资源,以优势产业经济为核心,引导金融资源在产业结构间合理配置,而金融资源又具有引导和配置其他资源的推动力作用,其逐利性特征也应与县域经济的优势产业有机结合,从而实现共赢。本文拟通过分析长白县域经济发展的优势产业、金融资源情况,提出相关建议,引导金融资源在县域经济发展中的合理有效配置。     

Forces exerted by jumping children: a pilot study

Abstract

This article reports on a pilot study of the loads exerted vertically by children when jumping. The subjects of the study were 17 children, aged from two to twelve years. Measurements were made using video recordings and a force-plate. The influence of the stiffness of the base and of jumping with and without shoes was investigated. Knee flexion, push-off force (thrust) and the ratio between push-off force and body weight (relative thrust) were analyzed. Measurements of the knee flexion showed a certain consistency for each child. The angle of knee flexion during push-off follows a bimodal distribution with maxima at 60^° and 90^°. The results for relative thrust suggest a close relationship between push-off force and body weight.     

投资者法律保护与财务报告质量

企业财务报告的质量取决于资本市场上会计信息需求方和供给方之间的博弈,投资者法律保护通过影响资本市场的发展,进而影响需求方和供给方之间的力量对比,使作为会计信息载体的财务报告呈现出不同的质量特征。