The distributional impact of unification and the 1992–93 recession on West German households

The 1992–93 recession in the western states of Germany has been attributed, in substantial measure, to the macroeconomic consequences of policies to finance unification. Studies of the costs of unification have not attempted to measure the burden of the recession. We estimate a dynamic, panel model of household incomes using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and use it to forecast what these incomes would have been in 1992–94 without a recession. Using a ratio of actual to forecast incomes, we compare the relative burden of the recession across households. Our findings suggest that western households below the median income bore the brunt of the combined impact of unification and the recession of 1992–93.
JEL classification: P3, D3, E3.     

LABOUR SUPPLY ESTIMATION AND PUBLIC POLICY

Abstract. Economists devote considerable energies towards refining their econometric techniques to overcome difficulties connected with conducting empirical research. Despite advances in technique. it is not clear whether further refinement in this direction is worthwhile for policy purposes. It may be that no further amount of statistical adjustment of inadequate data will increase understanding, and that better data is simply necessary to add to our knowledge. But rarely is sufficient credit paid to new forms of data. In short, econometric technique is emphasized to the neglect of data innovation, as if new data were merely lying about waiting for an ingenious suggestion for use. This paper surveys advances of the last twenty five years in estimating labour supply for policy purposes with a view towards appreciating the relative contribution of both improvements in econometric technique as well as developments of new data.
After briefly detailing the key parameters which economists have sought to estimate, we describe the early 'first generation' research (circa 1970), which is plagued by problems of unobservable variables, measurement errors, truncation and selectivity bias, and non linear budget constraints. 'Second generation' research constitute attempts to resolve one or more of these difficulties, and the respective contribution of econometric technique and new data is acknowledged and assessed, including the contribution of data generated by large scale social experiments in which participants are randomly assigned to different guaranteed income plans and their labour supply behaviour measured.     

我国服务业发展的地区差异及其影响因素

本文通过因子分析法,测算了我国大陆31个省、直辖市、自治区服务业发展水平,并对全国以及东、中、西部三大地区服务业发展的影响因素进行分析,结果表明:我国各地区服务业发展水平差异较大,自东部往西部呈现逐渐降低的梯度分布格局,与经济发展水平存在显著正相关关系;政府干预度与服务业发展水平负相关;人力资本、城镇职工平均工资、城市化率和居民收入对服务业发展有显著的促进作用;外商直接投资只对东部地区服务业发展有显著促进作用,而固定资产投资只对西部地区服务业发展有显著影响。     

中国双向FDI协调发展与经济增长相互影响吗?——基于“双循环”背景的实证检验

通过观察一个国家的IFDI、OFDI常常与该国的经济增长呈现出正相关关系的现象,本文使用新经济地理学模型,依据对中国双向FDI协调发展与经济增长之间相互作用机理的分析,推演两者之间的空间内生性逻辑。实证方面,基于2003-2018年中国31个省域的面板数据和广义空间三阶段最小二乘(GS3SLS)估计,运用空间面板数据联立方程模型对中国双向FDI协调发展与经济增长之间相互作用的宏观效应进行了统计测度。研究表明:⑴在全国层面上,双向FDI协调发展能够促进经济增长;同时,经济增长也能够促进双向FDI的协调发展。在分样本讨论的情况下,该结论依然成立。⑵双向FDI协调发展与经济增长之间的相互影响存在空间分异。总体而言,中东部地区的双向FDI协调发展对经济增长的促进作用更为明显。此外,双向FDI协调发展与经济增长之间的相互影响关系还与产业结构升级、人均资本存量、企业所得税等有关。     

Price competition in the spatial real estate market: allies or rivals?

This paper examines whether real estate firms can avoid price competition when properties in the vicinity are priced by allies. An oligopoly model with differentiated products generally suggests that real estate firms engage in price competition with their spatially closest rivals. Yet, they can raise property prices when the market share of their allies increases. To test this prediction, a spatial autoregressive model with spatial autoregressive disturbances, including a share of allies in the vicinity, is estimated using data on the prices of residential condos in central Tokyo, Japan. The model prediction is supported by the empirical results. In the data set, the magnitude of the market share on property prices increases with the expansion of the size of the spatial market.     

长江经济带人才创新效率评价及空间特征研究——基于创新驱动视角

创新驱动的实质是人才驱动。本文基于我国创新驱动发展的时代背景,以长江经济带人才创新效率为研究对象,首先运用PCA-SDEA模型对2009—2018年间长江经济带人才创新效率进行测算,进一步根据测算结果,运用空间收敛模型和空间重心模型对长江经济带人才创新效率的空间特征进行分析。研究结果表明:长江经济带省际之间与地区之间人才创新效率差距较大,上海、浙江和江苏等省市领先于四川、云南等省市,长三角地区领先于中三角和泛成渝地区;长江经济带人才创新效率差距无明显收敛趋势,且落后地区对先发地区的追赶效应尚不明显;长江经济带人才创新效率的重心位于湖南省岳阳市附近,其空间分布格局呈东偏北-西偏南的方向特征,并有向北分散、向西极化的趋势。     

互联网金融发展提升了区域创新效率吗——基于空间杜宾模型的实证分析

基于2011—2018年全国30个省份（西藏地区和港澳台地区因数据缺少剔除）的面板数据,利用随机前沿模型测度中国区域创新效率。在此基础上构建动态空间面板模型对互联网金融发展与我国区域创新效率提升的关系进行实证分析,结果表明互联网金融发展与区域创新效率均存在显著的空间集聚特征。进一步通过中介效应检验发现,互联网金融发展主要通过加速金融发展与人力资本积累等对区域创新效率产生正向影响,该影响也表现出显著的空间溢出效应。     

“省直管县”财政体制如何促进经济增长——基于江苏省2004-2009年数据的实证分析

近几年来,省直管县财政体制在各省陆续实施,其主要目的在于克服既有的市管县体制存在的各种弊端。可以预期,这项改革措施有减少行政管理成本、解决县乡财政困难、促进县域经济增长等多种潜在作用。但可能存在的问题是,该财政体制如何促进经济增长?文章利用江苏省51个县(市)2004-2009年的空间面板数据进行分析发现,省直管县财政体制对经济增长的作用主要是通过县(市)扩权而产生的政府竞争效应实现的。     

制度变迁对新兴产业发展的贡献研究——基于行业面板数据的实证分析

本文运用主成分分析法测算各新兴产业的制度变迁指数,利用行业面板数据,构建了一个包括人力资本、制度变迁等在内的C-D模型,以检验制度变迁对新兴产业发展的贡献程度。研究结果表明,我国新兴产业增长最主要的拉动力量仍然是资本投入,制度变迁对新兴产业发展的贡献程度虽然较高,但仍存在较大的制度创新空间,因此,应进一步坚持各项制度创新,为新兴产业发展提供良好的制度环境和制度安排,使新兴产业走向集约型、质量型发展道路。