20世纪50—60年代的中国财政学:一个传统的移入与退出

20世纪50—60年代既是新中国财政学初建时期,也见证了苏联财政学传统移入和退出的过程。就其理论和实践来源看,苏联财政学是苏联化的马克思主义、苏联特殊年代政治实践和计划经济体制等诸多因素的混合物。虽然它在发展和创新马克思主义财政理论方面作出了首创性的贡献,但其历史局限性也不可避免。在苏联财政学移植中国之时,其中一些负面特征也参与了新中国财政学的重建,并对其后中国财政学的发展起到了长久的羁绊作用。20世纪50年代后期以来,中国财政学“去苏联化”的目标未能完全实现,这一方面源于塑造苏联财政学的思维模式仍然在当时的中国财政学界起着支配作用;另一方面在那些影响财政学发展的主要因素上,当时的中苏两国极为雷同。吸取20世纪50年代中国移植苏联财政学的历史经验和教训,对当下中国合理借鉴域外学术资源、发展和创新马克思主义财政理论,有着重要的借鉴意义。     

Youssef Cassis and Ioanna Pepelasis Minoglou, eds. Entrepreneurship in Theory and History

In a paper delivered during the founding of Harvard's ResearchCenter in Entrepreneurial History, Joseph Schumpeter commented,"Personally, I believe that there is an incessant give and takebetween historical and theoretical analysis and that, thoughfor the investigation of individual questions it may be necessaryto sail for a time on one tack only, yet on principle the twoshould never lose sight of each other" [Joseph Schumpeter, "EconomicTheory and Entrepreneurial History," in Change and the Entrepreneur(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1949), p. 264]. With thenotable exception of the theoretically inspired work producedat the Research Center in the early 1950s, historians largely     

从投入预算制度到绩效预算制度的必然性分析——以制度经济学的视角

与投入预算制度不同,绩效预算制度将预算执行的绩效与预算资金配置联系起来。预算部门和单位为了实现预算绩效目标必须抑制其机会主义行为倾向,自觉地为实现财政预算的社会公共利益服务。由于绩效预算制度明确地将预算绩效作为预算编制和审议的基础,将预算部门和单位为争夺预算资金而进行的无理博弈造成的交易成本降至最低程度。另外,绩效预算制度将预算资金转化为预算部门和单位凭借预算绩效获得的潜在利益,为提高预算资金使用效率提供了良好的激励机制。     

论基层卫生人才培养对构建中国基本医疗卫生服务"守门人"制度的启示

健康是一个民族繁荣昌盛的重要标志,基层医疗保障是我国医疗改革成功与否的关键。英国的基本医疗服务守门人制度对中国医疗改革有重要的启示;培养基层卫生人才、构建中国基本医疗服务守门人制度,可以有效地解决中国看病难、看病贵问题。     

Cross-Validation Study with Confirmatory Factorial Analysis of the Revised Legal Attitudes Questionnaire Scores

The present article establishes the factorial structure of the Legal AttitudesQuestionnaire, one of the most frequently used measurements for the studyof legal authoritarianism, in several Spanish samples consisting of a communitypopulation (N1 = 618 and N2 = 533). In study 1, confirmatory factorial analysesare carried out by LISREL for different models, based on theory and on previousexploratory analyses. In study 2, based on the models selected in study 1, across-validation study is carried out by multigroup analysis. The structure thatappears to be most adequate is the one based on two trait factors (authoritarianismand anti-authoritarianism) and one of method, in which the tendencies of the participants' answers are included