Does china income FSDs follow Benford? A comparison between Chinese income first significant digit distribution with Benford distribution

Since Benford’s law is an empirical phenomenon that occurs in a range of data sets, this raises the question as to whether or not the same thing might be true in terms of the Chinese income distribution data. We focus on the first significant digit (FSD) distribution of Chinese micro income data from the 2005 Inter-Census sample, which corresponds to 1% of Chinese population and other micro income data from the China family panel studies (CFPS) and Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). We use information theoretic-entropy based methods to investigate the degree to which Benford’s FSD law is consistent with the FSD of Chinese income data and our findings suggest consistency between the Chinese FSD income distribution and Benford’s distribution. The close connection between the two distributions has implications for the quality of the sample of Chinese micro data.     

土地复垦监管行为规范的主体性合作治理形式选择

研究目的:根据相关主体性意愿的指引,阐明合作治理范式在土地复垦监管行为领域展开具体运用的现实性,及其可能的规范设定方向,进而尝试在相应行为规范维度来检视行政行为法理论的发展任务命题。研究方法:文献分析法。研究结果:土地复垦监管行为的形式选择往往与相应的合作治理主体性意愿有关,该意愿主要表征为利益导向、工具载体以及协同组织选择意愿。应厘清该类选择意愿指引于土地复垦监管行为规范所分别呈现的形式选择:逐利心态与信任习惯选择、科学事实工具与行政规制工具选择、内部协同组织与外部协同组织选择。研究结论:土地复垦监管行为在行为观念和当事人方面与合作治理的主体性意愿在一定程度上是相互耦合的,有必要构建一种合作行政模式下的治理型土地复垦监管行为规范。     

土壤污染防治法背景下的城乡绿地系统建设：趋势与对策

《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》的颁布标志着中国将形成完善的土壤污染防治法律体系，建立从污染土壤调查、修复、风险防控、监测到场地再利用，从环境标准到规划管理的全方位制度。生态文明制度建设的宏观背景，再加上中国土壤污染严重、规模大、修复难、成本高、周期长等特征，将导致大量污染场地转变为绿地或生态用地，最终对绿地系统的数量与规模、布局与功能、规划与管理、环境质量标准等多个维度产生实质性影响。分析这一趋势，对其影响提出预判，最终提出对策建议。     

三维视角下农民土地财产权的实现

研究目的:从时间性、社会性、空间性三维解读农民土地财产权的基本特征,进而探究其实现路径。研究方法:规范分析法、文献研究法。研究结果:(1)农民土地财产权由国家配置,呈现出开放性结构;(2)农民土地财产权本质上具有关系性,负有社会功能;(3)农民土地财产权受土地属性限制,在个人自治与公共利益互动平衡中动态发展。研究结论:农民土地财产权需要双重实现,公法上可以从基本权利的功能入手限定国家干预范围;私法上确立其独立民事权利地位,并借助集体成员概念明确成员权利和成员义务。     

就业保护法对私营企业经营绩效的影响——基于倍差法的证据

以中国私营企业为样本，采用倍差法研究2008年《劳动合同法》实施对私营企业经营绩效的影响。通过与微型企业比较，研究发现《劳动合同法》显著提升了中小企业的人均年销售水平；这种影响在非外贸企业和管理水平较低的企业中更显著。同时有证据显示，《劳动合同法》的实施并没有导致私营企业通过增加临时用工来控制劳动成本，相反，该法引起企业用工和解雇水平下降，并可能促使私营企业调整人力资源策略，增加人力资源培训开支，从而提升企业经营绩效。     

International law as a negotiation tool in Banking Union; the case of the Single Resolution Fund

EU’s response to the recent Euro-crisis has involved a mixture of EU and international law, with the latter being linked to all the arrangements that may have fiscal implications for national Member States. The SRF embodies all the controversial characteristics of Banking Union. This article illustrates the legal implications that this political choice creates, and how the interrelation between the SRM, the SRF and the ESM, allows leading economies, including Germany, to control the resolution framework both before and after crisis. This raises questions as to the direction that European Integration is taking and its highly nationalised character.     

Distributive cycles and endogenous technical change in a BoPC growth model

Our purpose in this paper is to expand Goodwin's (1967) distributive cycle model to an open economy framework in a way that incorporates the balance-of-payments constraint on growth. We do so by allowing technical change to be endogenous to the cyclical dynamics of the system and by adopting an independent investment function. We show that a Hopf-Bifurcation analysis establishes the possibility of persistent and bounded cyclical paths both for a 3D and a 4D extension of the model. Some numerical simulations are performed based on the analytical models developed. Motivational empirical evidence is also provided for Thirlwall's law using a sample of 16 OECD countries.     

Yen or Yuan? The law of one price and economic integration in Asia

Using highly comparable local retail prices of 146 goods and services across 18 Asian countries over 1990–2014, we analyse price dispersion and test convergence to the law of one price (LOP ) for these prices around three price benchmarks—Asia‐average, Japan and China prices—to gain insight about market integration in overall Asia as well relative integration of Asian economies to Japan and China. Cross‐Asia price dispersion around China‐price benchmark, for both tradables and non‐tradables, diminishes significantly over the sample period whereas that around Japan‐price benchmark increases considerably, particularly after the 2008 crisis. There is convergence to the LOP for about half of goods and services in China‐ and Asia‐average price benchmarks. The percentage of convergent prices is significantly smaller in Japan‐price benchmark. Direct estimates of the convergence speed parameter also confirm these observations. Overall, our results show evidence of increasing economic integration in Asia in the last two decades. The process of price convergence appears to be driven by the emergence of China as the centre of economic gravity in the region. There is much room for improvement as economic integration in Asia is still far below that in Europe in the 1990s or USA in the 1980s.     

环境立法管制对企业出口国内附加值率的影响*

本文通过理论建模和经验数据研究了环境立法管制与中国企业出口国内附加值率之间的关系。结果发现，环境立法管制有助于提升中国企业出口国内附加值率。机制分析证明：一方面，加强环境立法管制的“成本效应”促使直接受约束的企业寻找其他可替代要素。这种替代效应的大小取决于企业对污染型资源的依赖程度。“创新效应”通过改变企业生产效率影响企业成本加成。这两种效应均影响了出口国内附加值率。另一方面，环境立法管制提高了本国企业出口到国外市场的生产率下界，使间接受约束的企业改变定价策略，进而影响出口国内附加值率。本文研究表明，地区严格的执法力度有助于扩大环境立法管制对污染型资源依赖程度较低企业出口国内附加值率的积极影响。     

我国驰名商标反淡化的问题及完善对策

我国《商标法》第十三条并没有提及“淡化”两字,但结合法释〔2009〕3号《最高人民法院关于审理涉及驰名商标保护的民事纠纷案件应用法律若干问题的解释》第九条的规定,人们认为商标法第十三条第三款是对淡化的规定,但这样使得混淆和淡化在现有的法律依据下很难区分。在商品经济飞速发展的现在,有必要在法律条文和体系上对混淆和淡化做出区分,对于商标反淡化适用的范围进行确定,才能对商标权进行新观念上的全面、系统的保护。