Partner‐diversity effects on alliance termination in the early stage of green alliance formation: Empirical evidence from carbon‐emission reduction projects in Latin America

Partner diversity is a key influencer in interorganizational alliances, and several empirical studies have shown that its outcomes are contingent on alliance‐specific factors. We extend this research as well as the growing literature on green alliances, in which partner diversity is uniquely high. Specifically, we examine partner‐diversity effects on alliance termination in the early stage of green alliance formation. We hypothesize that in this context, size disparity increases termination likelihood, whereas organizational variety and cultural separation have the opposite effect. To test our hypotheses, we use a sample of 366 alliance projects located in Latin America and submitted to the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism for evaluation, validation, and registration from 2004 to 2014. Our findings contribute to several research streams and provide practical guidance for successful formation of alliances focused on environmental protection.     

Resource Dependence and Network Relations: A Test of Venture Capital Investment Termination in China

This study examines how venture capital (VC) firms terminate investments in an emerging economy context. We contend that due to the weak institutional environment, it is appropriate to draw on insights from power and social relation perspectives for a better understanding of the phenomenon. Specifically, we argue that a termination decision hinges on not only the dependence relationship between a VC firm and its portfolio companies, but also the social relationships among VC firms. Event history analyses of approximately 12,000 VC deals made in China between 2001 and 2012 reveal that when a VC firm has a greater number of investments in an industry, it is more likely to terminate investments on a portfolio company in that industry. Moreover, such effect on termination is moderated by the focal VC's embeddedness with its syndicate partners and collaboration opportunities with other VC firms outside the immediate access of the syndicate partners. Our study sheds light on research on VC decision making in emerging markets by integrating insights from resource dependence relationships and interorganizational network characteristics.     

Termination fees and bilaterally efficient merger contracts

We present a simple model of exchange in which mutual gains from trade motivate the use of termination fees in merger contracts. The inclusion of a termination fee permits bilaterally efficient merger contracts that make merger consummation more likely and result in higher merger payoffs for both the bidder and the target compared to contracts without termination fees. Introducing risk aversion for either the bidder or the target has negligible effects upon the preferred contracts, revealing that termination fees are not primarily a form of bidder insurance, although they do increase the probability that a merger is consummated. The model provides a rich collection of predictions, all of which are consistent with the empirical regularities reported to date.     

羊水过少281例临床分析

目的:探讨羊水过少的原因及其对母婴的影响。方法:孕妇回顾性分析我院2004年1月至2008年6月收治的281例羊水过少患者作为观察对象,随机抽取281例同期羊水量正常的孕妇作为对照组,对两组产妇的临床资料进行分析。结果:羊水过少高发于37～39+6孕周,占73.3%(206/281)。妊娠合并高血压疾病、胎儿生长受限(FGR)、初产妇是羊水过少相关因素(P<0.05)。羊水过少组出现胎儿宫内窘迫、胎儿生长受限、新生儿窒息、新生儿转科发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),羊水过少组新生儿出生评分明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。B超对羊水量的估计准确率达90.4%(254/281),是发现羊水过少简单实用的方法。结论:羊水过少对母婴有不良影响,确诊后应及时终止妊娠。     

基于VB的超市POS前台收银系统的设计与实现

本系统运用计算机管理技术,通过建立数据库,对超市的销存过程进行控制、记录,实现了对超市的销售和库存的科学管理。本设计主要负责超市收银系统的前台收银POS端,主要包括以下几大窗体模块:收银员登录模块、收银主窗体模块、挂单/取单模块、收款模块。各模块相互独立,同时又构成统一的整体。使用方便、操作简单,高效便捷。     

风险投资项目中止决策模型研究

重点研究不确定状态下的中止决策。首先运用聚类分析方法对项目进展情况进行定量判断，然后再用安全边界判断分析风险投资项目的权益资本市场价值是否值得继续投资，最后综合聚类分析安全边界判断的结论，进行投资决策。     

完善我国别居制度若干问题研究

别居是介于正常的婚姻关系和离婚状态之间的、反映夫妻共同生活暂时中止的一种婚姻家庭关系。别居制度会引起婚姻、家庭关系发生一定的变化,但我国目前法律对别居制度规定存在欠缺,目前法律仅承认别居是一种事实,因此有必要对我国别居制度的设立和完善中存在的一些问题进行探讨。     

基于判别分析的R＆D项目中止决策

R＆D项目中止决策是R＆D管理过程中一项非常重要的工作，有效、及时的中止决策对于优化科技资源配置、提高创新效率有着非常重要的意义。本文在对已有的R＆D项目中止决策方法简要回顾基础上，根据R＆D项目中止决策实质，给出了一种基于已有数据判别分析的R＆D项目中止决策方法和步骤，并进行了示例计算。结果表明，该方法较为简便有效，易于操作。     

创新项目组合管理绩效关键影响因素的实证研究

为了维持长期的竞争优势,企业需要不断进行技术创新和产品创新。如何在有限的研发资源下使创新项目组合的绩效最大化是企业进行创新管理中面临的主要问题。本文从创新项目组合的战略一致性、平均项目绩效和业务协同3个指标来度量创新项目组合管理绩效,并从流程和管理者的视角研究其关键影响因素。通过实证研究发现,高管参与和项目组合管理流程的设计与实施对项目组合的战略一致性有显著的正向影响;高管参与、项目经理胜任力和项目终止质量对平均项目绩效有显著正向影响;项目经理胜任力、项目组合管理流程的设计与实施和项目中止质量对业务协同有显著正向影响。     

考虑终止权的两阶段研发投资激励和合同设计

针对产品研发过程中的投资激励问题,分别建立了存在终止权和不存在终止权两种情况下的两阶段研发投资决策模型,并利用逆向归纳法讨论了委托方的偿付合同设计。研究结果表明:当第一阶段的研发结果为高质量时,代理人在第二阶段的投资积极性更高,代理人在第一阶段的投资水平和委托方支付的最优偿付都随着低质量时研发成功的比例系数而单调递减;研发活动的终止威胁导致代理人的投资积极性降低;在一定范围内,或有终止权偿付合同能够缓解信息不对称时的投资不足问题、提高双方的研发合作效率。