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1.
This article explores the economic efficiency of a horizontally and vertically coordinated industry where upstream producers are atomised, but downstream processors are few, explicitly considering participation incentives and allowing the coordinated industry to exert market power towards buyers. The model offers insight into the probable social impacts of the government‐sanctioned supply control scheme in place in the French Comté cheese market, suggesting it falls short of constituting a Pareto‐improvement compared with a laissez‐faire situation. More generally, our theoretical model provides guidance to identify instances where encouraging industry coordination may be socially desirable. We formally introduce the concept of ‘seller‐equivalent degree of overall market power’ of the separated industry, a market characteristic comprised of measurable or inferable parameters, the value of which is shown to determine the potential for Pareto improvements through industry integration.  相似文献   
2.
对完善企业集团内部会计委派制的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
会计委派制是为了规范经营者行为,维护所有者利益,治理会计信息失真而进行的会计管理体制的创新。但会计委派制还处于初始阶段,无论在理论还是在实践上都没有达到成熟。本文在前人研究的基础上,分析了集团内部会计委派制的缺陷,并对有关对策进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   
3.
本文通过对会计委派制的形式、范围、对象及委派人员待遇等问题的探讨、分析 ,认为在实际工作中 ,要用辨证和实践的观点 ,对待会计委派制 ,扬长避短 ,充分发挥其对企、事业单位的监控作用 ,使其更完美。  相似文献   
4.
标准化工作与电子产品设计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
简要叙述电子产品设计必须开展标准化工作,强调序列化、通用化、规格化对电子产品设计的重要性,提出标准化审查的几个方面。  相似文献   
5.
刘海强 《价值工程》2015,(3):139-140
随着社会生产力的发展,城市建设大规模进行,无背索斜拉景观桥成为城市建设的亮点,设计在景观桥中起到不可忽视的作用。因此,笔者认为,设计应该与施工体系相结合起来研究,本文就设计与施工体系的结合进行浅谈。  相似文献   
6.
Agrarian systems provide sociocultural and environmental externalities, which contribute to the sustainability of rural areas. The aim of this article is to analyse the sustainability of some Spanish olive oil Protected Designations of Origin (PDO) through multicriteria techniques (Analytical Network Process), taking into consideration different farming systems. The analysis has been made through ten criteria grouped in three clusters: economic, environmental and socio-cultural and asked experts. This was done first to rank the criteria and second in terms of what type of farming system achieves these criteria better. According to the results, there is a high level of consensus regarding the criteria ranking and the way that farming systems contribute to agrarian multifunctionality and sustainable development, despite the different characteristics of PDOs. In all cases, organic farming is the best, followed by integrated farming, when achieving economic, environmental and socio-cultural criteria, except for Estepa (where integrated farming is preferred for the economic and socio-cultural criteria). Conventional farming is placed in third position when achieving all functions, except for the environmental criteria, for which abandonment is preferred to conventional farming in all PDOs. Multifunctionality and sustainability are maximized by a combination of farming systems: about 40% organic, 35% integrated, 20% conventional and 5% crop abandonment.The results of our model regarding the combination of farming systems are similar to the actual situation in the PDOs studied, and, more important, this has been achieved thanks to the PDO institutions. Good local institutions contribute to improve the sustainability of rural areas by encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship (especially in PDOs, triggered by Origin Designation Regulator Councils) and a European level, by paying farmers for externalities.  相似文献   
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8.
A new empirical industrial organisation approach is used tomeasure seller market power in the French Comté cheesemarket, characterised by government-approved supply control.The estimation is performed on quarterly data at the wholesalestage over the period 1985–2005. Three different elasticityshifters are included in the demand specification, and the supplyequation accounts for the existence of the European dairy quotapolicy. The market power estimate is small and statisticallyinsignificant. Monopoly is clearly rejected. Results appearto be robust to the choice of functional form and suggest littleeffect of the supply control scheme on consumer prices.  相似文献   
9.
美国加利福尼亚州的土地利用分区管制具有土地用途管制和规划目标分解的双重作用,保证了综合规划长期战略与日常土地管理之间目标转换。通过对加利福尼亚州《综合规划指导》的解读,对土地利用分区管制的组织、实施、评价,及其与土地分割和规划土地用途的衔接进行了论述。通过研究可以看出,加利福尼亚州的土地利用分区管制政策实现了综合规划宏观目标与微观管理的转换,同时保证了土地利用分区与土地分割、规划土地用途之间的一致性。这对我国土地利用总体规划宏观战略目标的实现和日常土地管理都有很好的借鉴意义。  相似文献   
10.
文章指出《室外排水设计规范》(GB50014—2006)中不符合国家标准的量名称与单位符号,对“不标准”的量名称与单位符号存在的问题进行了分析并提出修改建议。  相似文献   
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