The construction of a composite index for general satisfaction in Turkey and the investigation of its determinants

The goal of public enterprises is to increase the wealth and happiness of individuals. This target lets them make the investment to fulfill these expectations. However, not all citizens in a country might have the same opportunities. This case requires comparing citizens who live in cities with regard to satisfaction levels. This study consists of two stages. In the first stage, a composite index called the General Satisfaction Index (GSI), which aims to explain the satisfaction levels of citizens living in cities, is obtained by using the Benefit of the Doubt method. Contrary to the previous studies, the satisfaction indicators based on the emotions and senses of citizens are used to construct a composite index. Satisfaction indicators’ contribution to GSI is ensured using the minimum weights. In the second stage of this study, socioeconomic determinants of GSI are investigated in both countrywide and regions by using regularized regression methods. In the result of the regression analyze, it is confirmed that there are different socioeconomic determinants of satisfaction levels for countrywide and each region. For this reason, it is proposed that policymakers should follow different politicizes in each region to increase the satisfaction levels of citizens in the country.     

Disruptive framing in value creation and price setting: Transforming value with strategic frames of reference

Framing in business is frequently found in the digital economy with dramatic and innovative new products and disruptive value propositions. However, framing in business is not an exclusively digital economic strategy. Creating or revising frames of reference, value propositions, and pricing based on either new or newly framed offerings is a basic strategy skill that brings new differential value creation to customers and new price-setting models to firms. In this article, I define framing and explain its influence on managerial cognition as well as its application to value-based marketing and price setting. Using economic value theory and behavioral economics, I propose steps managers and decision makers can take in an effort to achieve framing innovation as a way to leverage the disruptive competitive advantages that flow from strategic frames of reference in the marketplace.     

保障性住房供给中民间资本引导--以天津市为例

民间资本具有逐利性，民间资本参与保障性住房供给必然要追逐利益，相应的制度设计必须尊重民间资本的逐利性，给予民间资本稳定、持续的利益激励，从而保证其稳定、持续地参与保障性住房供给。但基于民间资本的流动性，需要在制度设计中中断民间资本的逐利性，避免民间资本参与保障性住房过程中为追逐利益而偏离住房保障目标。对于具有较高获益性的保障性住房，天津市允许民间资本直接参与供给；而在获益性较低的保障性住房项目中，天津市采用保障性住房投资基金、保障性住房信托投资基金、住房公积金贷款等工具鼓励民间资本参与保障性住房供给，有效地兼顾了民间资本的逐利性和保障性住房的公益性，在结果上达到了双赢。     

我国贸易条件与贸易利益关系的再探讨

本文分析了经济增长、技术进步对我国贸易条件的影响,并进一步说明,从长期来看,我国贸易条件可能会成“U形”变化。本文分析认为单纯的贸易条件恶化不能充分说明我国福利水平的降低,我国目前需要纠正的是因国内要素市场和产品市场扭曲导致的贸易条件恶化,需要深入研究的是我国贸易条件逆转所必须具备的社会经济条件。     

建立中国——东盟自由贸易区的经济效益分析

2004年10月18日至20日,中国与东盟贸易谈判委员会在北京举行会议,就自由贸易区谈判中最重要的内容—货物贸易协议达成一致,并于11月签署了货物贸易协议及争端解决机制协议。这为如期启动中国与东盟自由贸易区建设进程铺平了道路,使研究自由贸易区建成后所带来的经济效益问题的任务迫在眉睫。本文对建立中国-东盟自由贸易区后可预期的贸易效益、投资效益及规模经济效益进行了探讨。     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE WELFARE CUTS IN THE COMPREHENSIVE SPENDING REVIEW AND THE BUDGET 2010

In the Comprehensive Spending Review and in the Budget 2010, the Liberal–Conservative coalition has announced cost‐cutting measures in the benefit system. Some of these measures can be interpreted as ‘random cuts’, where the given scope and structure of a spending programme is retained, while bits and pieces are chopped off here and there. Others can be interpreted as more strategic measures, or reconsiderations of the proper role of government in the respective area. However, where the coalition has pursued a more strategic approach, it has not followed it through consistently. The coalition's consolidation strategy relies too much on temporary caps and freezes, which will eventually expire and give way to renewed spending pressures.     

市域轨道交通线路合理经济长度研究

在理论分析的基础上,从经济角度出发研究市域轨道交通合理的经济长度。以乘客旅行次数需求密度函数为基础,建立市域轨道交通线路长度效益函数和成本函数,其中效益函数包括旅客时间节省效益函数和票价收入效益函数;成本函数包括建设成本函数和运营成本函数,效益函数和成本函数相加即为市域轨道交通社会效益最大化的目标函数。通过建立社会效益函数的非线性函数,建立模型求解,得出合理的市域轨道交通经济长度。     

Designing and implementing conservation tender metrics: Twelve core considerations

In conservation tenders metrics are intended to describe the values that would result from alternate investments; they are the linkage between individual on-ground projects and tender scheme proponents. These metrics have received little attention by economists yet are the critical linchpin that defines the nature of the values that are traded in markets. In this paper we identify twelve lessons that can guide practitioners in metric design. These lessons embrace the principal biophysical changes likely to result from management change at each site and in combination, and reflect the values that society places on the outcomes from these changes. Practical application is explored through four example tenders encompassing five metrics which demonstrate substantial variation from the lessons identified. The practical consequences for cost-efficiency of investment, and for the use of conservation tenders generally, are unclear because of the practical and political difficulties in developing effective conservation tender approaches.     

最低工资标准与劳动者待遇:统一抑或排斥

最低工资制度的存废至今仍处于争议之中,我国中央政府、地方政府与企业三者的目标函数不同,最低工资标准陷于标准过低的权宜困境,其调整并没有真正惠及劳动者,因此要求重新定位我国的最低工资制度:明确最低工资制度的社会保障制度归属,政府应该承担最低工资保障职能,同时建立以工资正常增长机制为主和最低工资保障机制为辅的工资制度,以及积极探索制定其他公共政策来保护社会弱势群体。     

农村城市化中人口迁移问题研究——基于刘易斯与托达罗理论的分析

文章从发展经济学的角度,对农村人口迁移理论作了简要回顾,重点论述了刘易斯的二元经济论与托达罗模型,并结合我国农村城市化过程中人口迁移的实际情况,探讨人口迁移对我国农村城市化发展带来的影响,并提出在这一过程中要注意的一些问题。