Entrepreneurship: The Role of Clusters Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Evidence from Germany

This paper is about the impact of clusters on entrepreneurship at the regional level. Defining entrepreneurship as the creation of new organisations and clusters as a geographically proximate group of interconnected firms and associated institutions in related industries, this paper aims to answer three research questions : first, do clusters matter to entrepreneurship at the regional level? Second, if clusters are associated with different levels of entrepreneurship, what explains those differences? Third, what do the answers to the previous questions imply for academics and policy makers? To answer these questions, this paper distinguishes between clusters and industrial agglomerations and advances a theoretical model and empirical research to explain the impact of clusters on entrepreneurship at the regional level. This paper uses the 97 German planning regions as units of analysis to test the hypotheses. Using hypotheses testing and OLS fixed-effects model, this paper finds that clusters do have an impact on entrepreneurship at the regional level, but industrial agglomerations do not. Implications for academics and policy makers and suggestions for future research are given in the concluding section.     

长株潭交通运输业发展循环经济的策略研究

长株潭交通运输业发展循环经济对于促进长株潭两型社会发展具有重要的意义。结合长株潭地区的特点从政策措施、技术措施和管理措施对铁路、道路、水路和航空分别提出了适合长株潭地区发展循环经济可利用的方法和技术。并就换乘和与邻接行业之间的循环利用两个方面分别提出长株潭城市群交通运输行业发展循环经济可利用的方法。     

Spatial externalities and agglomeration in a competitive industry

We introduce spatial spillovers as an externality in the production function of competitive firms operating within a finite spatial domain under adjustment costs. Spillovers may attenuate with distance and the overall externality could contain positive and negative components with the overall effect being positive. We show that when the spatial externality is not internalized by firms, spatial agglomerations may emerge endogenously in a competitive equilibrium. The result does not require increasing returns at the private or the social level, increasing marginal productivity of private capital with respect to the externality, or location advantages. In fact agglomerations may emerge with decreasing returns to scale, declining marginal productivity of private capital with respect to the externality, and no location advantage. The result depends on the interactions between the structures of production technology and spatial effects as shown in the paper. No agglomerations emerge at the social optimum when spillovers are internalized and diminishing returns both from the private and the social point of view prevail. Numerical experiments with Cobb–Douglas and CES technologies and an isoelastic demand confirm our theoretical predictions.     

浅析辽西城市群发展模式

本文从区域经济的视角,结合辽西城市群的基本情况,对照三种主要的城市群发展模式,对辽西城市群发展模式的选择进行了较为深入的剖析。希望通过本文的研究,对辽西城市群发展模式的决策选择提供一定的借鉴价值。     

社区变迁对区域经济的影响分析

社区变迁影响着区域经济的发展,社区在发展过程中所形成的固有优势影响着社区的进一步发展,社区的规模和制度创新引导着资源向城市、社区的流动,资源流动和资源优势使区域经济发展出现新的格局,区域经济的发展依赖于城市群经济和海洋经济的发展。     

长株潭城市群“两型社会”发展战略

长株潭两型社会建设关系着带动湖南、探索中部地区乃至整个中国实现科学发展与构建和谐社会的重任。长株潭城市群具有自身的实际特点,在两型社会建设中需要按照科学发展观的要求,结合长株潭城市群的具体实际,制定科学合理的发展战略。文章主要运用了唯物辩证法对两型社会建设中企业、政府与社会行为以及长株潭城市群具体特点进行分析,提出了长株潭城市群资源节约型和环境友好型的发展战略。     

长株潭"3+5"城市群产业目标结构研究

通过对长株潭"3+5"城市群产业结构现状与同等收入水平的国际"标准"产业目标,发现长株潭"3+5"城市群的产业结构现状与国际"标准"产业目标结构差距较大,国际"标准"产业目标结构不宜作为其产业调整的近期目标结构.最后,结合长株潭"3+5"城市群内各市的发展现状,制定了各市产业调整的近期目标结构.     

基于政策情景的家庭乘用车能源回弹效应研究 ——来自长株潭城市群的调查数据

基于长株潭城市群的调查数据,测算在燃料消耗量为5.0L/100km情景下家庭乘用车的直接能源回弹效应,并采用二分类Logistic法分析影响家庭乘用车直接能源回弹效应的因素.结果表明:长株潭城市群家庭乘用车平均直接能源回弹效应为20%;不同居民家庭乘用车的直接能源回弹效应差别较大,存在超级节能、零回弹、部分回弹和回火效应;户主受教育水平、收入水平、购买新车意愿、车辆行驶里程、出行偏好等因素对家庭乘用车超级节能和零回弹效应影响显著.     

长株潭经济区土地利用现状与战略研究

本文在对长株潭经济区土地利用现状和存在的问题进行全面分析的基础上,提出该区域土地利用战略应为：统筹兼顾,确定土地利用基本方针;协调发展,优化土地利用结构;集约经营,提高土地利用综合效益;严格管理,加强土地资源保护。