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1.
Abstract

Not long after the beginnings of motorization in the early 1900s, deaths and injuries from motor vehicle crashes became a problem in a number of high-income-countries (HIC)s, especially the United States. With the biggest problem the US led early efforts to address this issue, and for six decades these efforts were based on folklore (ie a body of widely held but false or unsubstantiated beliefs). They were not evaluated, but clearly were unsuccessful as crash deaths and injuries continued to rise. It was not until the 1970s that a broader range of countermeasures began to be adopted and was scientifically evaluated, and as a result, crash deaths and injuries declined. This history has important lessons today for many low-and-middle-income countries that have growing numbers of motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries, many of which are pedestrians and motorcyclists. This is because there continue to be advocates for many of the failed approaches (especially educational) that dominated the early efforts in HICs.  相似文献   
2.
We analyse real income convergence among the EU28 countries throughout 1995–2017 and the relationship with the convergence patterns of financial systems. We apply the nonlinear latent factor model of Phillips and Sul (2007, 2009) to real incomes and the IMF financial development indices for financial markets and financial institutions (Svirydzenka, 2016), and identify convergence clubs endogenously. We have several results. First, income disparities narrowed significantly over the last twenty years; yet, the growth convergence process lost momentum triggered by the global financial crisis and countries legacies shaped up asymmetries that have crystallised. Second, countries' financial systems exhibit high fragmentation, especially for financial markets, with the new EU member states at a lower financial development, confirming the existence of a two-tier Europe. Overall, the convergence patterns for real incomes and financial development are strongly correlated. Finally, the financial structure matters and market-oriented economies feature higher long-run growth, indicating the need to implement pan-European policy actions that increase the opportunities of risk diversification, enhance capital raising and channel large-scale financing to firms.  相似文献   
3.
唐君扬 《物流技术》2021,(2):27-31,36
基于2008-2018年贵州省9个地级市和自治州的面板数据,实证检验高铁开通对区域要素禀赋与经济增长的影响。结果表明:高铁开通在总体上促进了贵州省区域经济增长,提高了劳动力要素的相对丰裕程度。然而,高铁开通并未表现出技术溢出作用,反而降低了劳动力和资本要素的边际生产率,对要素禀赋结构优化和区域经济长期发展产生不利影响。基于此提出,应因地制宜科学规划高铁建设,推进科学技术创新,加强高素质人才培养与引进,优化营商环境,提升社会保障水平,以发挥高铁的扩散效应,降低聚集效应,进而改善要素禀赋结构,促进区域经济协调发展。  相似文献   
4.
在构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局下,高效协同的区域创新体系有助于将粤港澳大湾区三地建设成为具有全球影响力的科技创新中心。通过构建创新生态系统综合评价指标体系,采用耦合协调模型和空间计量模型,实证检验大湾区10个城市2007-2019年创新生态系统内部耦合协调水平、时空跃迁特征以及收敛性。研究发现,大湾区整体及各城市耦合协调度呈上升趋势,基本实现从失调衰退区到协调过渡区的转化,具体可划分为4个等级层次;大湾区创新生态系统协调耦合度存在显著的绝对β与条件β收敛趋势,即最终收敛于同一稳态水平,且城市间差距逐渐缩小。其中,经济发展水平、对外交流水平、人力资本水平对创新生态系统协调耦合度起显著正向作用。  相似文献   
5.
《Business Horizons》2022,65(3):303-313
The COVID-19 crisis has fundamentally changed how many businesses operate and connect with their customers. Previously unheard-of government restrictions and sheltering-in-place requirements forced most professional services to transition to remote delivery methods (e.g., email, telephone, video consults, Shopify storefronts). Providers of low-touch services (e.g., lawyers, accountants) naturally lent themselves to remote delivery; however, those that offer high-touch services, particularly those in healthcare (e.g., doctors, chiropractors, physical therapists), experienced a drastic change in working conditions when going virtual. Despite a long history of resistance to virtual delivery, the pandemic created an unprecedented incentive for these high-touch professionals to experiment with underutilized care models such as telehealth: the provision of healthcare services remotely using telecommunications technologies. We examine the rapid adoption of telehealth during COVID-19 through the coming together or convergence of previously unrelated technologies, spaces, and practices. Our analysis reveals opportunities and challenges associated with going hands-off that apply to many other professionals providing high-trust services. Specifically, we offer nine guiding principles for building and protecting cognitive and affective trust in virtual and hybrid delivery models. This is important given the pace of compounding technology convergences that lie ahead for service professionals.  相似文献   
6.
从理论和实证两个方面探讨了产业融合对中国装备制造业创新效率的影响,以及网络中心性和网络异质性对二者关系的调节作用。基于2006—2015年省际装备制造7个子行业面板数据,采用ISCNFI指数测度模型和基于产出距离函数的超越对数前沿分析方法,分别测度装备制造业产业融合程度及创新效率变化情况,进而利用面板回归模型对理论假设进行实证检验。结果显示:产业融合程度与中国装备制造业创新效率存在倒“U”型曲线关系,即随着产业融合程度提升,中国装备制造业创新效率呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势;网络中心性强化了产业融合对装备制造业创新效率的提升作用,而网络异质性削弱了产业融合对装备制造业创新效率的提升作用。  相似文献   
7.
知识和创新溢出存在空间壁垒,高速铁路能打破区域空间阻隔,缩小时空距离,促进以知识和创新为显著特征的知识密集型产业发展。构建2006-2015年省级面板数据,使用固定效应模型,从区域层面和细分产业层面研究高速铁路建设对我国知识密集型服务业发展的影响。结果发现,高速铁路建设与我国知识密集型服务业从业人员数量增加呈显著正相关关系;对东部地区知识密集型服务业发展影响不够显著,但对中西部地区知识密集型服务业固定资产投资起显著促进作用。这表明,高速铁路修建改善了区域投资环境,打破了区域阻隔,有助于增进知识溢出效应、加速要素流动,对中西部地区知识密集型服务业发展和产业升级具有重要意义,进一步证实在中西部地区建设高速路具有正确性和必要性。  相似文献   
8.
We model market integration in the Middle East and Africa by analyzing price dispersion and testing the law of one price (LOP) on highly-comparable actual local retail prices of 135 goods and services across 23 countries in the region over the period of 1990–2016. Second-generation panel estimators are applied to four price benchmarks: Regional average, South Africa, China, and US prices. Cross-regional price dispersion diminishes considerably over time up to 2008, particularly for non-tradeables around China price. The test of LOP indicates the percentage of convergent prices is highest in China price benchmark, followed by US, South Africa, and regional average benchmarks. Direct estimation of the convergence speed confirms this order. Overall, the results show evidence of increasing market integration in Middle East and Africa but it appears to be driven by global forces and, especially, the rise of China as a new economic power. The results show that some emerging market economies, such as China, can step up and promote integration while traditional economic powerhouses, such as the USA and UK, disengage from international economic relations.  相似文献   
9.
This paper examines the effects of the 2008 financial crisis on economic growth and convergence across European countries from 1973 to 2012. Employing cross-sectional and dynamic panel data techniques, the results show that the global financial crisis has brought a greater absolute convergence rate rather than divergence, affected richer members more heavily and, presumably, allowed less developed members to recover more quickly. We find evidence that creating the European Union has contributed toward economic growth and convergence; meanwhile, no similar evidence is found concerning the European Monetary Union. Moreover, we present evidence that both the average output per capita and the rate of convergence during the financial crisis fell around 7%.  相似文献   
10.
ABSTRACT

Purpose

This article aims to introduce and distinguish two features of contract design – prevention and promotion contracts – and compares their effects on opportunism within the distributor–supplier relationship. It also examines the moderating role of ex post contract enforcement strategies.  相似文献   
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