驱动经济高质量发展的科技创新要素及时空差异——2009—2017年省级面板数据的空间计量分析

基于2009—2017年中国内地31个省域面板数据，利用空间计量模型分析科技创新驱动经济高质量发展的时空差异，认为中国经济高质量发展指数稳步上升，空间聚集及正向溢出效应显著，空间依赖性强。R&D投入强度、科技研发成果、万人高校在校人数及城镇化率对经济高质量发展的影响均为正，财政教育支出的影响为负；经济地理距离相近省份R&D投入强度、财政教育支出及城镇化率对本省经济高质量发展的影响均为正，科技研发成果、万人高校在校人数及互联网基础条件的影响均为负。西部及中部地区科技创新人力与科技财政支出要素对经济高质量发展的积极影响大于其它地区，而东部地区科技资金投入、科技研发成果及科技成果转化度要素对经济高质量发展的积极影响大于其它地区。     

国家科技创新能力时空差异性评价

科技创新规模扩张和科技创新效率提升是增强国家科技创新能力的两条关键途径。基于现有研究鲜有结合科技创新规模和科技创新效率开展国家科技创新能力评价的现状，采用因子分析法，系统筛选国家科技创新规模影响因素，并结合科技创新效率影响因素，完善国家科技创新能力评价指标体系，通过构建DEA Malmquist指数模型，评价不同时期国家科技创新效率变化指数，以及中国与全球10个国家科技创新能力的时空差异性。研究表明，R&D投入强度、R&D研究人员、专利申请量、科技期刊文章数、高科技产品出口额占制成品出口总额的百分比、科技创新效率是影响国家科技创新能力的关键指标；1991-2014年中国科技创新能力水平呈指数增长态势，有力提升了国家科技实力；全球10个国家科技创新能力水平除日本出现一定波动外，其余九国整体呈小幅递增态势。     

城市科技创新人才政策扩散动力因素时空差异研究

科技创新人才是城市提升创新能力的核心资源,是科技进步的关键要素。科技创新人才政策作为城市争夺人才的工具,被各个城市广泛采纳和使用。以161个城市为研究对象,运用事件史分析方法,探寻城市科技创新人才政策扩散的动力因素并进行时空差异分析。研究发现,城市科技创新人才政策扩散具有双重动力因素：在需求拉动因素中,经济发展水平和财政收入是影响城市科技创新人才政策扩散的主要因素;在压力推动因素中,行政指令、府际竞争和社会舆论显著影响城市科技创新人才政策扩散;在政策扩散平稳增长期,双重动力因素共同作用于政策扩散过程,而在政策扩散加速和减速增长期,城市科技创新人才政策扩散动力因素存在差异;在东、中部地区,压力推动因素占据主导,而在西部地区,双重动力因素都发挥重要作用。     

中国高新技术企业认定政策绩效评估

高新技术企业认定政策是国家为扶持和鼓励高新技术企业发展而提出的一项重要政策，但其实施效果如何有待验证。采用2007、2010及2011年《中国工业企业数据库》数据，运用双重差模型对高新技术企业认定政策绩效进行评估。通过实证研究发现：①高新技术企业认定政策有助于提高企业市场价值及市场占有量；②高新技术企业认定政策对企业研发投入的增长影响不显著；③相对于中小型企业，高新技术企业认定政策对大型企业影响更大。最后，提出相应的政策建议，以期为我国高新技术企业认定政策完善提供启示。     

Allocation of tasks,arrangement of working hours and commuting in different Norwegian households

Weekly working hours and commuting distance can be seen as indicators of equality/inequality between spouses. Traditionally, it is women who adjust their career more readily to meeting family obligations. In an era with a focus on equality between the genders in regard to both education and paid work, it is obvious to think of equality regarding working hours as well, and of distance to and from work. In this study we utilized data from the Norwegian Travel Survey of 2009 to examine the results of adjustments made in weekly working hours and commuting distance in families in which both husband and wife are in paid work. These indicate that the family situation is significant, and that, among other things, children in a family does not lead to any reduction in men’s working hours or commuting distance.Living in the periphery of large cities is disadvantageous for women who want to work full time, while living within a city tends to be to their advantageous in this regard. The results from the analysis of commuting distance show that women do not commute as far as men in comparable groups (working hours, family type, education, place of living, income, access to a car and occupation) and that the policy of regional enlargement is far from gender neutral. So long as it is women who adjust their labour market participation – both temporal and spatial – an enlargement of the regional/geographical labour market resulting potentially in longer commuting distances will primarily favour those who have the possibility to travel irrespectively of family situation, i.e. men, not women.     

要素市场扭曲、区域差异与R&D投入

本文利用要素市场扭曲指数及中国高技术产业1997～2009年省际面板数据,考察了要素市场扭曲对R&D投入的影响及区域差异。结果表明,要素市场扭曲对R&D资本投入和R&D人力投入有着不同的影响,抑制了R&D资本投入增长,促进了R&D人力投入;而且其对两者的影响都存在着显著的区域差异。在此基础上,运用门槛检验方法对这种区域差异的影响因素进行了探讨,研究发现,在区域经济发展水平、人力资本水平、财政收入、产权结构和对外开放程度等因素的不同门槛值区间,要素市场扭曲对高技术产业R&D投入的影响程度和方向都存在着明显的差异。     

Part-time employment in Hong Kong: a gendered phenomenon?

In recent years, part-time employment in Hong Kong has grown considerably. Unlike Western industrialized countries where women play an overwhelming role in this form of employment, in Hong Kong a large proportion (44 per cent) of part-time workers are male. This study addresses the extent, patterns and trends in part-time employment in Hong Kong. In addition, it examines gender differences (such as age pattern, marital status, sectoral and occupational distribution) in this form of employment. Statistical analysis of survey data reveals that certain socio-demographic variables have differential effects on participation in part-time work for men and women. Finally, practical implications and future research directions are discussed.     

Employee reactions to voice and choice in the workplace: the influence of culture

The present study investigated the effect of culture on a much-prescribed management practice, that of employee participation in decision making. A survey was conducted among employees from two countries culturally distinct in the dimensions of power distance and individualism, namely Canada and the Philippines. Given eight decision-making scenarios that varied in terms of whether voice and/or choice was given to the employee and in terms of the importance of the outcomes, the respondents were asked about their perceptions of fairness of the procedures and outcomes, satisfaction with the procedures and outcomes, and preference for the decision-making procedures. Results show a highly significant country decision-making mode outcome importance interaction effect, but not in the directions expected. Overall, the Philippine sample registered more positive reactions to participation in decision making, although the Philippines' higher rank in power distance and lower rank in individualism than Canada seem to indicate otherwise. The results, together with a previous study conducted in high power distance-low individualism Mexico, forcefully suggest that employee participation in decision making may be successfully transferred.     

Using Difference in Differences to Estimate Damages in Healthcare Antitrust: A Case Study of Marshfield Clinic

In calculating damages in healthcare antitrust cases, the difference-in-differences (DID) approach provides a potentially valuable means of controlling for lawful factors that influence prices, such as case mix and quality of care, as distinct from price differentials due to unlawful behavior. After comparing DID to traditional methods of estimating damages, this paper uses DID to analyze data from a well-known case against Marshfield Clinic, a large multi-specialty group practice that was found to have illegally allocated markets for physician services in Central Wisconsin. Using a specification similar to what was used in the case, we find that illegal behavior accounted for about one-half of the Clinic’s extra increase in costs per patient during the damage period. The courts, however, were not persuaded that the analysis adequately controlled for legal factors. We discuss potential pitfalls in using DID to estimate damages suggested by the case, as well as possible ways around them.     

我国区域经济政策与区域金融发展不平衡研究

改革开放以来,我国各地区金融发展呈现较大的不平衡性,一个重要的原因是我国金融发展是由政府特别是中央政府主导推动的。本文首先通过泰尔指数来描述区域金融发展的不平衡性,发现东、中、西和东北地区间及地区内均存在金融发展不平衡的问题,进而分析中央政府的财政、股票、利率等政策所带来的效应,发现区域政策会进一步加剧区域金融发展的不平衡性。