Executive flight simulator as a learning tool in new companies’ resource planning based on the balanced scorecard

In many cases, a deficient strategic planning in new companies has led entrepreneurs to take inadequate initial decisions that, in the long term, reflect consequences in the failure of many new businesses. The objective of this article is to propose an executive flight simulator, which will help to identify and evaluate the different development strategies for resources of a new manufacturing company, under the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard, educating the user on the impact that these would have in the main performance indicators. The simulator is designed utilizing the focus of system dynamics to be used didactically in master's degree programs in administration, by entrepreneurs or in executive development programs.     

政策支持、创业激情与技术创业成功：政策感知的调节作用

为了厘清政策支持对技术创业成功的作用机制,将创业激情作为中介变量、政策感知作为调节变量,构建政策支持影响技术创业成功的理论模型,并结合云南地区291家技术创业企业数据开展实证研究。结果表明：政策支持促进技术创业成功;政策支持通过激发技术创业者创业激情进而促进技术创业成功;政策感知强化政策支持对技术创业成功的正向影响,同时增强政策支持对创业激情的正向影响,对创业激情的中介过程具有调节作用,即在不同水平政策感知下,创业激情的中介效用存在明显差异。     

The influence of entrepreneur’s personal characteristics on MSEs growth through innovation

Research in the separate areas of innovation and growth has considerably intensified in recent years. However, little scholarly attention has been paid to the entrepreneurs’ personal characteristics that might explain the growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) through innovation. This study examines the key entrepreneurs’ personal characteristics affecting micro and small enterprises (MSEs) upgrading, defined here as substantial growth through innovation. Six major determining types of entrepreneurs’ characteristics were identified from the innovation and the growth literature: education, work experience, gender, motivations, nationality and age. The empirical results which are based on t-tests of the differences between upgraders and non-upgraders, the linear probability model and the logit model, all suggest that work experience and motivations are cornerstones in the likelihood that an MSE will upgrade. The policy implications of this study on promoting MSEs upgrading are also discussed.     

企业家前台化影响企业价值吗？——基于新浪微博的实证证据

互联网时代信息传递成本和沟通成本显著降低。微博作为自媒体的主要代表之一,为企业家从企业的幕后走向台前提供了一条便捷的途径。本文以信息传递理论为基础,利用新浪微博数据,检验了企业家前台化行为对企业价值的影响。实证结果表明:(1)企业家发布微博这一前台化行为有助于提升企业价值。从对价值影响的路径看,企业家微博发布后,企业经营活动现金流增加,系统性风险降低;(2)针对企业家微博进行文本分析,发现企业家微博中个性化微博比例越高、“艾特”人数越多或者微博内容中正向语调比例越高,对企业价值的正向影响越显著;(3)相对于信息不对称程度较低的企业,信息不对称程度较高的企业中企业家更倾向于发布微博。上述实证结果说明自媒体对缓解企业、企业家与投资者之间的信息不对称具有一定作用,为企业家前台化决策及路径选择提供了参考。     

效果逻辑与因果逻辑：两类中小企业创业者的再验证——环境不确定性感知与创业自我效能感的调节效应

现有研究认为，创业经验差异是专家创业者倾向于选择效果逻辑和创业新手倾向于选择因果逻辑的重要原因。基于问卷调查数据，运用层次回归分析方法探讨两类中小企业创业者（创业专家与创业新手）的创业决策逻辑差异，以及创业自我效能感与环境不确定性感知对创业者与创业决策逻辑选择的调节效应。结果表明，创业专家明显倾向于选择因果逻辑而非效果逻辑，而创业新手明显倾向于不采用因果逻辑。环境不确定性感知水平和创业自我效能感越高（低），创业者越倾向于选择效果（因果）逻辑。最后，环境不确定性感知水平和创业自我效能感均显著负（正）向调节创业者选择效果（因果）逻辑。     

创业者异质性胜任特征与创业政策供给

以供需匹配为指导思想，基于胜任力理论，解析创业者类型及其异质性胜任特征，挖掘创业者异质性创业政策需求；借鉴创业MOS模型，构建异质性创业政策供给框架。结果表明：①创业者可分为生存推动型、机会拉动型和创新驱动型3种类型。其中，生存推动型创业者创业行为呈现创业被动性、风险规避性等特征，其认知胜任力和职能胜任力较强，机会拉动型创业者创业行为呈现机会警觉性、资本积累性等特征，其认知胜任力和社会胜任力较强，创新驱动型创业者创业行为呈现创新变革性、资源撬动性等特征，其认知胜任力和心理胜任力较强；②创业政策供给通过动机激发、机会增加和技能培育提升创业者创业胜任力，有助于创业者创业机会识别和创业资源整合以及创业者创业绩效提升；③鉴于创业者创业胜任特征和创业政策需求差异，政府应实施异质性创业政策供给，侧重生存推动型创业者动机激发和机会增加，关注机会拉动型创业者动机强化和技能培育，注重创新驱动型创业者技能提升和机会增加。     

Structuring deals and governance after the IPO: Entrepreneurs and venture capitalists in high tech start-ups

In an effort to better understand the effects of venture capital investment on selected firm governance and financing structures, we examined the post-IPO experiences of 190 biotechnology and healthcare firms (see appendix). Our study revealed that in virtually all cases, the involvement of venture capitalists reduced the role of the founder-entrepreneur in strategic decision making. This was illustrated by the larger proportion of outside directors when venture capitalists invested and the smaller proportion of entrepreneurs who remained officers or in board positions after the IPO. We also found that venture capitalists rarely invested alone, and preferred to structure deals in which venture capital partners share both risks and rewards.     

Entrepreneurship education in hospitality and tourism: insights from entrepreneurs

The perceptions of entrepreneurs in businesses related to hospitality and tourism in a rural community were explored through interviews to better understand their backgrounds, experiences, and insights into education for future entrepreneurs. The data were analyzed for themes and the findings provided ideas for entrepreneurship education in hospitality and tourism and indicated that further attention could be given toward helping students to develop creativity and critical thinking skills, engage in deeper self-discovery experiences, and understand tourism more fully to help prepare them for entrepreneurial roles.     

Pioneering strategies for entrepreneurial success

Entrepreneurs are, by definition, pioneers in that they innovate new products/services, create new processes, open new markets, or organize new industries. Dramatic changes in the global environment suggest that successful entrepreneurs must master three key strategies: (1) develop a clear vision; (2) manage cash creatively, or learn to “bootstrap”; and (3) be able to persuade others to commit to the venture using social skills. This article discusses pioneering strategies and offers guidance on how to implement these.     

The strategic decision making of entrepreneurs within small high innovator firms

The study examines strategic decision making among entrepreneurs from small firms engaged in early stage commercialisation. It is based on a questionnaire survey of 57 firms and the results suggest that if entrepreneurs within small innovator firms feel the innovation can be commercialised with relatively few obstacles they will tend to downgrade the importance of external advisors. Greater value is placed on the views of customers and where the entrepreneur has the power to proceed with the innovation without recourse to other stakeholders he/she is most likely to go ahead if a positive response is received from leading customers. The article expands upon these findings to outline the design, development and application of a diagnostic assessment and screening tool to assist such entrepreneurs, formulate more systematic strategies than the response to an initial customer.