Implied integrated variance and hedging

If the volatility is stochastic, stock price returns and European option prices depend on the time average of the variance, i.e. the integrated variance, not on the path of the volatility. Applying a Bayesian statistical approach, we compute a forward-looking estimate of this variance, an option-implied integrated variance. Simultaneously, we obtain estimates of the correlation coefficient between stock price and volatility shocks, and of the parameters of the volatility process. Due to the convexity of the Black–Scholes formula with respect to the volatility, pricing and hedging with Black–Scholes-type formulas and the implied volatility often lead to inaccuracies if the volatility is stochastic. Theoretically, this problem can be avoided by using Hull–White-type option pricing and hedging formulas and the integrated variance. We use the implied integrated variance and Hull–White-type formulas to hedge European options and certain volatility derivatives.     

Hedging house price risk with futures contracts after the bubble burst

This paper extends the existing literature on managing house price risk. While previous work finds that a hedger would have reduced a large amount of variance in housing returns in Las Vegas, Nevada using Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) futures contracts, we show that neither static nor dynamic strategies would have maintained an effective hedge during the significant decline in housing prices. The inability to hedge house price risk using CME futures contracts ultimately calls into question the long-term viability of housing futures.     

制造业企业开展套期保值业务的现状及对策分析

在经济全球化背景下,制造业企业在原材料采购和产品销售方面,面临着巨大的价格波动风险。制造业企业如何充分利用期货市场开展套期保值业务来规避价格风险,是企业必须面对的一个重要课题。文章通过对上市的制造业企业展开抽样调查,了解我国上市的制造业企业开展套期保值业务的现状及存在的问题,据此提出强化期货知识培训、丰富期货品种、加强期货市场创新、降低交易成本等方式,提高企业参与套保的积极性,发挥期货市场为实体经济发展服务的广度和深度。     

从企业境外套期保值的交易方式分析国储期铜巨亏事件

通过国储期铜巨亏事件始末,指出企业进行套期保值是非常必要而且是十分有利的,但有些企业非但没有严格遵守境外套期保值的交易规则,更是违背交易方式,由境外套期保值演变为境外过度投机,针对交易过程中出现的问题提出企业进行境外卖出套期保值时,在传统的期货套保方式中引入期货期权方式进行境外套保,从而避免民族资本遭受损失。     

Assessing efficiency and investment opportunities in commodities: A time series and portfolio simulations approach

This paper investigates the informational efficiency hypothesis in the short and long term for four major commodity markets (oil, gas, electricity, and coal) from January 1997 to January 2016. Unlike previous studies, we provide a more concise comparative analysis by focusing on different classes of commodities for a large sample, including 5 developed and 3 emerging regions and covering 46 countries. We apply different parametric and non-parametric econometric tests. Our study provides two interesting findings. First, we show that commodity markets are informationally inefficient in the short term. Our portfolio simulations highlight that commodities might provide “good” investment opportunities, but those opportunities vary according to commodity class and regions. Second, we show that most commodity markets become informationally efficient in the long term, thereby reducing investors' interest for the duration. Thus, commodity markets might be used to hedge investor’s portfolios, particularly for speculators and chartists in the short term, while these investments might not be appealing in these markets in the long term.     

便利收益下碳排放动态套期保值效果

随机的碳排放价格变化直接导致资产组合的投资风险加剧,影响碳排放现货与期货资产的投资组合策略。依靠商品期货价格的期限结构,本文提出了一种新的在便利收益下动态套期保值比率及其套期保值效果评价方法。动态套期保值比率是由现货和便利收益的波动率、协方差及其相关系数、距离到期日时间、便利收益均值回复速度等参数存在紧密关联性。为了有效地规避碳排放现货价格剧烈波动所引发的市场风险,市场参与者利用便利收益的历史信息优化调整期货与现货的对冲比例,确定最优化的套期保值比率,可以有效规避现货资产的市场风险,实现资产投资组合最佳的投资收益。     

企业套期保值研究及实证分析--基于基差复制技术的方法

文章针对企业套期保值过程中由于套保比率的设定以及入市点的错误选择使得企业面临亏损风险的问题而提出对策。笔者在套期保值比率问题上首次引入了寻找合理判断入市点的模型并给出了具体方法。利用金融工程中无套利的复制原理,复制出了一个远期的权益,从而得出了文章所认为的最优套保比率,为实务界经常运用的选择入市点问题给予理论支持。文章构建的模型得出,在套保比率的设定问题上不但要选择入市点,还要选择套保的时间因素。在买期保值上,当判断出市场行情有利时我们选择相对较大的保值比率,这样可以使我们能尽量获取基差上扬所带来的收益,另外又不至于把套保比率无限扩大使得套保变成投机,以防在万一出现行情错误的时候出现大幅亏损。在卖期保值上,当判断行情有利时,选择相对较低的保值比率,这样可以使我们能尽量获取基差下跌所带来的收益,另外又不至于把套保比率无限缩小甚至不保使得套保变成投机,以防在万一出现行情错误的时候亏损。     

Local institutional shareholders and corporate hedging policies

This paper examines the effectiveness of monitoring function from institutional investors on corporate hedging strategy in Taiwan over the period from 2005 to 2012. The empirical results show that institutional investors are effective monitors of corporate risk management to enhance the probability and extent of hedging. In addition, the monitoring function from institutional investors is effective for mitigating the risk-shifting problem of high leveraged firms. Moreover, local institutional investors play more important role in monitoring distressed firm's magnitude of hedging than foreign institutional investors. These results are robust to the consideration of endogeneity, selection bias, and industrial difference. This is the first empirical evidence in the literature regarding the monitoring effect of institutional investors on risk management strategy from the angle of monitoring costs.     

Why do farmers have so little interest in futures markets?

A farm financial model with leverage and investment in two farm enterprises is specified. The model is extended to incorporate futures hedging and the Separation Theorem is used to show that optimal hedging is zero. The assumption of a risk‐free asset is relaxed and, while this leads to a violation of the Separation Theorem, the result that optimal hedging is zero is maintained providing that futures markets are efficient. It is concluded that if capital markets are efficient then farmers will have little interest in futures markets except to speculate.     

基于VaR模型的最优套期保值比例探析——以美元远期套保为例

VaR模型被认为是兼顾投机套利与套期保值两大动机的衍生工具决策模型。国内文献对此讨论较少。基于其理论推导,可以归纳地认为VaR模型具有兼容性、一般性、"期权"特征和可操作性。以美元远期套保为例,研究发现,基于VaR模型的最优套保比较之传统最优套保比、最小方差最优套保比更有优势,能够解释中国企业运用衍生工具失败的原因。但据此推论,基于VaR模型确定最优套保比在实践中仍然存在一些问题,如非正态分布、现货头寸不确定、损益报告困难等。