Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Household Surveys,Consumption, and the Measurement of Poverty

Household surveys are playing an increasingly important role in the measurement of poverty and well-being around the world. The Living Standards Measurement Study, which was begun in the World Bank under the guidance of Graham Pyatt in 1979, has played an important role in this movement. Its surveys are widely used within the Bank to measure consumption-based poverty, and survey data are now the exclusive basis for the global poverty counts. This paper discusses a number of unresolved issues in using consumption-based surveys for measuring well-being, including the choice of a money-metric versus welfare-ratio approach, the collection of suitable price information, the effects of measurement error on estimation, and methods for correcting per capita consumption for the demographic structure of the household.     

Mechanisms for controlling expenditure in the Spanish Royal Household, c.1561-c.18081

The purpose of this article is to examine the accounting and auditing in the Spanish Royal Household between 1561 and 1808. The Royal Household was the third most important item of expenditure that the State Treasury financed, after the Army and Navy and the National Debt. On studying spending control in the Royal Household, we have rejected the idea, often advanced by historiography, that there was no spending control within this institution. On the contrary, treasurers and accountants were only able to release funds for expenditure purposes on the basis of prior authorization. However, the efficiency of spending control was very limited due to technical, administrative and, above all, social and political elements.     

从金融中介的内生形成看我国农村民间金融

文章从实际出发,描述了目前我国农村民间金融的现状。从内生金融理论的角度分析了我国民间金融存在问题的原因。最后文章对我国农村民间金融的发展提出相应的政策建议。     

城乡统筹建设中金融发展的三个视角

本文对城乡统筹建设中金融发展问题的研究思路进行了总结。从如何实现金融业的城乡统筹发展、金融如何促进经济的城乡统筹、如何建立现代农村金融体系三个问题着手提出三个研究视角,简要分析城乡统筹建设中金融发展问题,为后续更加深入的研究提供参考。     

金融自由化与双轨金融体系

经济市场化次序理论和金融约束理论都以财政平衡为改革的前提条件 ,但是 ,为政府寻求新的税收来源 ,建立高效率的金融体系正是发展中国家进行市场化改革所追求的目标之一 ,金融自由化理论颠倒了经济发展与金融抑制之间的因果关系。本文证明了财政压力内生于金融自由化改革 ,并且在对经济市场化次序理论进行评论的基础上 ,讨论了建立双轨金融体系对促进金融自由化改革和经济发展的意义。     

土地财政、住房价格与农村剩余劳动力转移

城乡之间劳动力合理流动是提高资源配置效率的重要举措,是推动城乡经济社会一体化发展的内在要求。本文利用1999—2013年中国31个省级行政区域的面板数据,实证检验土地财政和住房价格对农村剩余劳动力转移的影响,研究发现,土地财政促进了农村剩余劳动力转移,对农村剩余劳动力转移产生倒U型的动态影响效应,而房价则抑制了农村剩余劳动力转移,并且房价部分中介了土地财政对农村剩余劳动力转移的作用。进一步分析发现,土地财政和房价对农村剩余劳动力转移的影响呈现出显著的区域差异和阶段异质性,土地财政显著促进中西部地区农村剩余劳动力转移,但对东部地区影响不显著,2004年以后,随着土地财政收入的快速增加,土地财政对农村剩余劳动力转移的促进作用大幅增强。     

金融政治经济学的新视野

各国的公司、信贷和证券市场制度差别很大。而且 ,即使同样的制度在各国的履行程度也不尽相同。经济学家还不能完全理解这种国际差别存在和继续存在的原因。站在金融政治经济学角度对上述问题进行研究 ,则能得出一系列十分具有解释力的经验性规律。金融政治经济学模型中 ,监管及其履行被看作是社会和经济团体之间权力调和的结果。本文分析了金融政治经济学在公司财务、银行业和证券市场三大领域中的应用。     

财政学科及财政学的创新与发展——当代中国财政学学科建设观点综述

本文主要从财政学的理论基础、财政学的学科定位、财政学的学科性质、财政学课程内容的优化和更新等方面 ,结合当代有关中国财政学学科建设的不同观点 ,阐明了现代财政学的发展趋势。     

新时期我国金融安全面临的挑战及对策

金融全球化、自由化、电子化三大发展趋势,一方面是金融业务高速增长的重要动力,另一方面是金融风险不断增大的主要诱因.由于国内金融体系的薄弱环节较多,国际金融规则存在严重缺陷,新时期我国金融安全面临的挑战相当严峻.为此,我国必须深化金融机构体制改革,改进金融监管体制,构建多层次的金融市场体系,适度控制金融市场开放的进程,完善金融监管法律体系.