Leaving state sector employment in Russia

I analyse the reallocation of labour and human capital from the state sector to the non‐state sector and non‐employment in Russia. I use a nationally representative household dataset, the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, to study sectoral mobility in early transition using summary measures of mobility and multivariate discrete choice models. The results show that sectoral mobility varies between different skill groups, and in particular that those with university education, with supervisory responsibility and in white‐collar occupations are less likely to leave state jobs for both non‐state employment and non‐employment. The results suggest that in the early stages of transition in Russia mismatch of skills across state/non‐state employment was significant and that non‐state employment consisted mostly of low skill, ‘bad’ jobs.     

Capital market trading volume: an overview and some preliminary conclusions

This paper suggests an explanation for the heavy trading volumeobserved on the US capital markets, the world's largest. Heterodoxeconomic theory puts much of this volume down to speculation.Mainstream theory tends to support this thesis, either directlyor indirectly, by giving space to the idea that trading activityis for the most part exogenous to the functioning of the capitalmarkets. The central hypothesis of this paper is that the tradingvolumes observed are an endogenous feature of the capital markets,because they are to a great extent determined by the needs ofthe institutional investors who predominate on these markets.This endogeneity of trading is posited in connection with theemergence of a new ‘core–satellite’ paradigmin institutional investment, a development that essentiallymanifests the asset-management industry's transformation froma small industry serving a few wealthy clients to a mass industryserving large sections of the population.     

Book production and the onset of modern economic growth

We provide a new data set on per capita book production as a proxy for advanced literacy skills, and assess this relative to other measures. While literacy proxies very basic skills, book production per capita is an indicator for more advanced capabilities. Growth theory suggests that human capital formation plays a significant role in creating the ‘wealth of nations.’ This study tests whether human capital formation has an impact on early-modern growth disparities. In contrast to some previous studies which denied the role of human capital as a crucial determinant of long-term growth, we confirm its importance.      

Home country effects of foreign direct investment: From a small economy to a large economy

Previous studies on home country effects mainly focused on FDI from large developed economies to other countries. But today's super recipient is a relatively larger economy than its investors and many of these investors are not classified as “developed economies.” A simple Ak type model implies that a small and more developed country investing in a large and less developed country will experience decreases in both employment and income disparity (compared to the recipient country) as the less-developed recipient country gains the higher technology of production through FDI inflows. The empirical results for the Four Tigers (source countries) and China (recipient country) are consistent with our theoretical model of FDI outflows. We also find that FDI outflows to China decrease the ratio of exports to GDP only for small source countries, even though a higher investment in China raises the share of these countries' exports-to-China to China's total imports.     

Capital in the Twenty-First Century: Reinterpreting the fundamental contradiction of capitalism

At a theoretical level this article discusses Piketty’s hypothesis that the distribution of income and wealth tends to become more concentrated over time when the rate of return on capital is greater than the growth rate of real output. We develop a post Keynesian model of growth and distribution showing that once capital is differentiated from wealth, the increase in income and wealth concentration actually occurs when the rate of valorization of financial and real estate assets is greater than the growth rate of real output, and that this situation may be triggered by financial liberalization.     

关于我国资本市场发展的思考

本文主要就我国资本市场 ,尤其是股票市场和长期债券市场存在的问题以及改进的措施谈了自己的看法。其目的是为了更加充分地发挥资本市场在我国经济发展中 ,特别是在企业改革中的作用     

User costs and bubbles in land markets

In asset markets with speculative behavior, the long-run equilibrium relationship between asset prices and the discounted flow of future rents may become invalid. We distinguish short-term user costs and longer-term user costs with variables that reflect fundamentals. We show how to work around the empirical problem of measuring speculative expectations about asset price changes and derive a simple user cost formula where the asset price change in the short-term relationship comes out as the long-run change in the overall price level.     

注资与国有银行改革:一个金融政治经济学的视角

本文旨在为人们解读国家通过注资方式推动国有银行改革的意图与绩效提供一个金融政治经济学的视角。其主要命题与观点大致有 :第一 ,政府推动下的银行改革有一个共同的特征 ,那就是一般都受到某种外部因素的刺激并追求短期见效的效果 ;第二 ,在微观经济基础未能得到有效调整的情况下 ,单方面改变银行资本结构的行动注定会无功而返 ;第三 ,国有银行制度在世界范围普遍存在 ,且不乏有效运作的例证 ,通过人为方式降低国有银行比例以提高整体银行效率是一种逻辑误导 ;第四 ,中国国有银行低效率运行的根源不在出资人本身 ,而在于出资人获取回报的特殊经济流程 ;第五 ,若考虑到被巴塞尔协议剔除的一些无形资产可以在国有银行的资本结构中得到确认 ,则国有银行出资人的资本压力就没有人们相象的那么大。本文的结论是 ,中国国有银行的问题是经济改革过程诸多矛盾与利益博弈的长期积淀 ,解决方案须基于演进主义的方法论 ,绝不可毕其功于一役。     

西方庸俗经济学理论对中国的误导

通过对西方经济学理论庸俗性表现的反思，可得出如下结论：（1）不能割裂个人与社会，个人与国家，个人与集体的联系，而过分宣扬“经济人”或“理性人”的假设；（2）不能割裂经济与政治、意识形态的关系而孤立地研究经济。对于西方经济学理论，不能仅仅研究其理论本身，还应研究其产生的思想和文化背景；不能照搬西方的理论和模式，不能过分倚重或迷信经济数量分析。对于中国的经济问题，必须放在中国的历史、思想、文化、民族心理等这样的大背景下来开展研究和寻求解决途径。     

研发人力资本配置与技术创新——异质教育层次视角

在经济增长结构性减速和经济向高质量转型发展背景下,探讨研发人力资本有效配置对中国经济结构转型发展具有重要现实意义。基于中国2009-2018年省际面板数据,根据教育层次异质性,将研发人力资本细分为本科及以下、硕士与博士3种类型,运用静态和动态面板回归模型,从创新总量与细分创新类型视角分析不同教育层次研发人力资本作用于技术创新的差异化特征。统计分析和实证研究表明,中国地区不同教育层次研发人力资本配置不平衡,本科及以下研发人力资本占据主导地位,而本科及以下研发人力资本对地区技术创新具有一定抑制效应,硕士研发人力资本对地区技术创新具有显著正向作用,博士研发人力资本对地区技术创新没有呈现显著正面效应,且相比于硕士研发人力资本具有更低的创新产出弹性,在科研创新效率方面没有体现出预期的教育优势。研究结果对中国高层次人力资本在技术创新中的优化配置和经济结构转型发展具有积极的借鉴意义。