效率视角下"一带一路"沿线国家创新影响力研究

从效率差异视角构建国家创新影响力评价方法，揭示“一带一路”沿线国家创新要素流动倾向性以促进交流合作。运用DEA模型测算各国创新效率，根据DEA原理识别国家间的认可关系，构建创新网络并用节点特征向量中心度表示各国创新影响力，分析创新影响力类型、创新网络特征及创新投入冗余率与产出不足率。结果发现，各国创新效率存在显著差距;各国分别处于创新网络中心、核心和边缘位置，国家创新影响力依次递减;按照创新要素相对强度，沿线国家可分为6种创新类型;最后，提出沿线国家间开展创新交流与合作的必要性和途径。     

人寿保险行业市场结构及影响因素研究

准入退出壁垒、市场集中度、规模经济和范围经济以及产品差异化等是影响人寿保险业市场结构的主要因素。中国保险市场准入、退出的行政性政策壁垒较高,市场集中度较高,属于寡占 III 型市场结构;寿险业保费规模、保险密度、保险深度、保险资产总额占 GDP 的比重、保险资产总额占整个金融资产的比重较低;寿险产品同质化现象较严重。鉴此,应降低市场进入壁垒,建立市场退出机制,达到优化市场结构,提高资源配置效率目的。     

电子商务对国际贸易的影响与我国的应对措施

随着国际互联网的不断拓展和日益成熟,电子商务活动在世界各国兴起并得以迅猛发展。它具有费用低廉、覆盖面广、功能全面、使用灵活、容易推广的特点,而传统商务由于存在太多的弊端,已经不能胜任现时条件下的贸易环境。电子商务对国际贸易的影响更是显著,出现了虚拟市场、虚拟公司,而且对贸易的方式和经营管理方式产生了重要影响。我国的电子商务在发展过程中存在一些问题,为此,应创造优良的法律和制度环境;加强网络基础研究和开发;培养复合型人才;积极参与国际合作;参加国际公约和贸易伙伴协议。     

You follow fitness influencers on YouTube. But do you actually exercise? How parasocial relationships,and watching fitness influencers,relate to intentions to exercise

Digital celebrities found on social media platforms are found to be successful in endorsing brands and products, and influencing purchase intentions of their followers. However, influencers also promote values and lifestyles on their channels, such as healthy behavior and fitness. In this article, we investigate the motivations of users who follow fitness influencers on YouTube and how parasocial interaction and intentions to watch fitness are related to intentions to exercise. Watching fitness videos and social interaction seems only to motivate followers that are already physically active. Non-exercising users are attracted to YouTube by entertainment and a parasocial relationship with an influencer that has no impact on their intentions to exercise.     

Using quantitative influence diagrams to map natural resource managers’ mental models of invasive species management

Despite the significant effect that invasive species have on natural values, the number and extent of invasions continue to rise globally. At least three dominant reasons explain why policy development and implementation can fail: differences in managers’ mental models of invasive species management; cross-agency responsibility; and poor planning and management (i.e., planning–implementation gap). We used a case study of cross-agency management of gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) in Australia to explore the differences in organizational staffs’ mental models of management. The gamba grass invasion in northern Australia is continuing to expand and associated effects are increasing; coordinated action across agencies is needed to manage the expansion. Our aim was to examine how staff would represent their mental models as a diagram that we could compare between individuals and groups. We used cognitive mapping techniques to elicit models of 15 individuals from across 5 organizations, represented as an influence diagram, which shows the interrelationships that define a system. We compiled the individual influence diagrams to create a team model of management that captures the common connections across participants’ diagrams. The team model revealed that education, science, legislation, enforcement and property management plans were perceived to be the most important management tools to control or eradicate gamba grass. The Weed Management Branch was perceived to have the most central role in gamba grass management, while other organizations were perceived to have specific roles according to their core business. Significant positive correlations (i.e., shared perceptions) were observed across half of the participants, indicating that the some participants have shared models that could be used as a starting point for discussing the team model, clarifying roles and responsibilities, and potentially building consensus around a shared model. Dominant opportunities for improvement identified by participants were better use of management tools, namely education and enforcement, better coordination and collaboration between agencies and increased resourcing. Our research demonstrates the value and validity of using influence diagrams to explore managers’ mental models and to create a team model that could serve as a starting point for improved cross-agency natural resource management.     

How the enterprise risk management function influences decision-making in the organization – A field study of a large,global oil and gas company

Risk management has been a discipline for decades. However, organizations have only recently begun to introduce a separate enterprise risk management (ERM) function. The aim of this study is to examine the transformation of the ERM function's influence in a company over time. We use a historical case study informed by social theory on how to influence others to investigate this phenomenon. The findings show that the construction of risk technologies over time triggers a change in the ERM function's influence on decision-making. Two processes of influence are used by the ERM function: selling new ideas and managing knowledge across boundaries. In the first process, the ERM function attempts to vertically influence top management's decisions regarding acceptance of new risk management technologies. In the second process, the ERM function attempts to horizontally influence decision makers to use risk knowledge in decision processes. Theoretically, our findings contribute to our understanding of how the ERM function influences decision-making in organizations over time.     

国外电子商务税收问题的研究综述

伴随着互联网络的发展以及经济全球化的进程，电子商务近年来发展极为迅猛，在为人类社会带来深刻变革的同时，也对各国税收制度带来极大挑战。本文探讨了电子商务的各种特征，分析了电子商务对税收的影响因素，并结合国外知名公司的真实案例，研究了国外针对电子商务的各种税收政策。希望对我国制定符合国情的电子商务税收制度方面提供参考和借鉴。     

地铁正外部性作用范围的计量研究

针对地铁正外部性作用范围的问题,在总结同类研究的基础上,提出了站点周边房地产价格受到地铁的影响是通过“人”的因素而产生作用的,这种作用可通过选乘地铁的概率进行考察.本文在分析影响“人”选乘地铁的因素的基础上,构建了地铁选乘的logistic模型.通过北京市调研的数据验证模型,观察通过调整变量X4对选乘概率的影响情况得到...     

技术创新促进经济增长的动力研究

根据经济增长理论及影响变化因素,结合我国经济发展实际,本文论证了技术创新促进经济增长的不同模式,提出了发展中国家促进技术创新发展的框架,技术创新是企业发展的根本动力。提高区域经济的增长速度和转变经济增长的方式是发展中国家的必由之路。在区域经济视角下研究影响企业技术创新的因素,通过政府和企业联动改善这些因素作用的效率,非常必要。论文首先根据技术创新理论,分析了不同层面的企业技术创新发展的影响因素。最后提出了区域经济视角下提高企业技术创新能力的对策,强调了政府、企业在技术创新中的不同作用。     

东日本大地震对日本经济与世界经济的影响

2011年3月11日日本东北地区发生了日本有史以来最大级别9.0级大地震,随之引发了大海啸,对东日本沿海地区造成了严重破坏,夺去了2万多人的生命。更为麻烦的是这次大地震和大海啸还导致了福岛第一核电站的核泄漏,这一次生灾害带来的恶劣影响甚至超过地震和海啸带来的灾难。总体来看,如果核泄漏能够得以控制,其对短期的日本经济影响很大,但程度有限,对世界经济和中国经济的影响也有限,但对日本经济发展的长期影响则不可低估。