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1.
本文通过研究最近三十年间经济和信息的全球化、巨型网络平台崛起、隐匿在区块链中的主权个人、摆脱特征设计的大模型怪兽等重要的现象和趋势,分析了国家主权的相对衰退与强势复兴并行和相反相成的悖论以及数字化转型过程中利维坦与各种数字怪兽之间展开的互动关系。正是主权衰退这一侧面,导致了欧洲的“数字主权”概念和中国的“主权区块链”构想的提出;而主权复兴这一侧面,导致了北美的“监视社会”理论和中国的“电子点穴”隐喻。无论如何,在人工智能驱动的时代,“算法利维坦”正在成为国家和法的理论不得不面对的极其强大的支配性权力。为了防止其失控和滥用,需要通过全球数字契约等方式凝聚基本共识,并通过法律的和技术的正当程序对其进行制度化制约——这正是数字法治的要义。  相似文献   
2.
机构协调是美国行政法处理行政管辖碎片化、重叠化问题,增强行政效能的重要内部行政法举措。美国机构协调的制度体系主要包括国会和总统对机构协调的外部控制措施,行政机构自主开展的协调规则制定和协调裁决等要素。非正式协调、信息科技等对美国机构协调也具有重要影响。除遵守普通行政程序外,美国机构协调还在意见咨询、行政公开和说明理由方面具有特殊的程序设计。美国机构协调的司法审查主要从四方面展开,即协调组织是否属于行政机关、机构协调是否违反“单方接触”、协调制定的行政规范是否具有效力和机构协调执法的合法性要求。借鉴美国经验,结合我国实际,宜从理论内化、规则创制、程序约束与法院审查等方面入手,建立健全我国行政法上的机构协调制度。  相似文献   
3.
We analyze how research and development (R&D) outsourcing influences product innovation. We propose a separation between learning from R&D outsourcing, whereby the firm improves its ability to innovate by using outsourced R&D directly in new products, from learning by R&D outsourcing, whereby the firm indirectly uses outsourced R&D by integrating it with internal R&D to create new products. Building on the knowledge-based view, we argue that learning from R&D outsourcing is likely to have an inverse U-shaped relationship with product innovation, because the initial benefits of using outsourced component R&D knowledge to innovate products is eventually outweighed by the hollowing out of the firm's ability to innovate. In contrast, we propose that learning by R&D outsourcing is likely to have a U-shaped relationship with product innovation, because the initial challenges of integrating internal and external R&D are eventually overcome, resulting in more innovations. Finally, we distinguish between domestic and foreign R&D outsourcing and propose a liability of foreignness in R&D outsourcing as it has a lower impact on new products than domestic R&D outsourcing. The empirical analysis shows that outsourced R&D has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the number of new products, while the interaction between outsourced R&D and internal R&D has a U-shaped relationship with the number of new products. It also shows that domestic outsourced R&D has a higher positive impact on the number of new products than foreign outsourced R&D.  相似文献   
4.
Annual reports are the main sources of information for outside investors’ investment decisions and enable shareholders to supervise the management. Difficulties with the readability of these reports may therefore have serious consequences. Using 19,221 firm-year observations of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2001 to 2015, we investigate the association between annual report readability and corporate agency costs, where readability is proxied by report file length and/or file size. We find that firms with better annual report readability experience lower agency costs, and the negative association between readability and agency costs is more pronounced in firms with higher external audit quality, internal control quality or analyst coverage. These results hold after several robustness checks. The positive effect of annual report readability is stronger in private firms than in state-owned enterprises, and becomes stronger after the implementation of new accounting standards in 2007. Readable annual reports can help in monitoring corporate insiders’ opportunistic behavior and thus reduce agency costs.  相似文献   
5.
We draw on institutional isomorphism literature to develop a conceptual framework which uncovers how emerging market MNEs manage institutional tensions and complexity in corporate governance (CG) regulations within and across economic environments. Using a sample of 400 firm-year observations (2011–2015) from Nigeria, we show foreign directorship and cross-listing as significant avenues for governance isomorphism. MNEs employ these mechanisms to manage and reconcile foreign and Nigerian CG regulations whilst overcoming institutional weaknesses at home. Specifically, governance isomorphism leads to improvement of home country CG disclosures practices because of associated linkages with international CG systems through cross-listing and employment of multinational directors.  相似文献   
6.
This study investigates the relationship between internal pyramid structure and performance of Chinese, Pakistani, Malaysian pyramidal firms, the effect of judicial efficiency and minority investor protection on this relationship. The results show that the pyramid structure of Pakistani firms is more complicated than Chinese and Malaysian firms, both vertically and horizontally. The study finds that the impact of control layers on performance is negative and stronger than control chains. Moreover, the results illustrate that the effect of control layers on performance at Chinese firms is negative but lower than at Pakistani and Malaysian firms. However, control chains have insignificant association with performance at Chinese pyramid firms. We find that efficient judiciary abates the negative impact of control layers and chains on performance. Our results reveal that in the absence of efficient courts the minority investors’ protection have insignificant impact on the association between internal pyramid structure and firms’ performance.  相似文献   
7.
Cross-country studies document a negative relation between corporate governance and cash holdings. In contrast, this relation is found to be positive in the United States. In this paper, we examine the case of Japanese firms. Using institutional ownership and cross-shareholdings as the main governance variables, we show that better governance is associated with higher cash balances as in the United States. The reason is that better-governed firms make better investment decisions. Their investments are not driven by excess liquidity and result in higher profitability and higher firm valuation. Overall, our findings indicate that management profligacy is a bigger concern to shareholders than management propensity to hoard cash because of risk aversion.  相似文献   
8.
基于2004-2016年中国内地30个省市面板数据,采用耦合协调模型和PVAR模型,实证检验科技创新与绿色治理的协调效应及动态关系。结果显示:2004-2016年全国各省市科技创新与绿色治理的协调水平偏低,并且由东向西的区域阶梯递减特征显著,多数省市科技创新滞后于绿色治理发展,协调等级处于濒临失调水平以下;东部地区科技创新与绿色治理之间存在双向因果关系,科技创新对绿色治理的影响不显著,长期看呈现为负向冲击效应,绿色治理对科技创新呈现出显著正向、持续影响;东北地区科技创新与绿色治理存在单向因果关系,科技创新对绿色治理的冲击效应不显著,绿色治理对科技创新呈现出显著正向、持续影响;中部和西部地区科技创新与绿色治理不存在因果关系,绿色治理对科技创新的冲击作用具有相似性,但科技创新对绿色治理的冲击效应存在较大差异。  相似文献   
9.
在构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局下,高效协同的区域创新体系有助于将粤港澳大湾区三地建设成为具有全球影响力的科技创新中心。通过构建创新生态系统综合评价指标体系,采用耦合协调模型和空间计量模型,实证检验大湾区10个城市2007-2019年创新生态系统内部耦合协调水平、时空跃迁特征以及收敛性。研究发现,大湾区整体及各城市耦合协调度呈上升趋势,基本实现从失调衰退区到协调过渡区的转化,具体可划分为4个等级层次;大湾区创新生态系统协调耦合度存在显著的绝对β与条件β收敛趋势,即最终收敛于同一稳态水平,且城市间差距逐渐缩小。其中,经济发展水平、对外交流水平、人力资本水平对创新生态系统协调耦合度起显著正向作用。  相似文献   
10.
疫苗作为新冠疫情防控的最关键手段之一,已在各国抗疫中发挥积极影响。疫苗研发、生产、注射意愿以及全球分配的公平性与可及性等一系列问题日益受到世界关注。分析全球治理改革中,疫苗作为一种全球公共产品的创新治理问题,讨论疫苗产业发展特征与创新规律演化,剖析西方国家疫苗产业创新治理困境以及“竞争丛林”逻辑,阐释中国行动方案及对全球治理改革的贡献。最终提出疫苗产业创新治理机制对推动全球治理改革的政策含义。  相似文献   
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