资产评估法律责任的法律法规分析

我国资产评估行业经过十几年的迅速发展，已经成为与注册会计师和律师并列的三大中介服务行业之一，是我国市场经济体系的重要组成部分。然而，近几年证券市场上公开披露的重大违规案例，很多都直接或间接与资产评估有关，尤其“麦科特”公司虚假上市案，资产评估“诉讼爆炸”时代即将来临，资产评估法律责任引起广泛关注。本从资产评估法律责任的相关法律法规的比较入手，找出了其存在的问题，并进行了理论分析。  

比较法视野中的欧洲保险合同法如实告知义务评析

为构建统一欧洲保险市场,保险合同法重述小组于2009年8月公布了《欧洲保险合同法基本原则》,该原则将成为未来欧洲统一保险合同法的蓝本。该原则在如实告知义务的履行方式上由传统的主动告知转变为被动告知,并根据主体违反如实告知义务时的主观状态与违反如实告知义务的时间规定了有区别的法律责任。其既体现了现代保险法如实告知义务制度的发展趋势,又考虑到了欧盟各成员国的承受能力。  

对证券市场审计中注册会计师法律责任的思考

对我国证券市场审计业务中，注册会计师面临的法律责任不断增加，这既有其主观违规的原因，也有注册会计师的法律责任规范不明、注册会计师的法律责任与其他中介机构的法律责任界定模糊的原因。由于证券市场会计信息的经济后果性增强、市场运行机制不合理、市场经济主体的平等性增强的因素，完善我国证券市场审计业务中注册会计师的法律责任势在必行，而且宜采取举证责任倒置的办法，免除了原告就被告的过错举证的责任。  

经济法责任特征新论

经济法责任在形式上表现为由若干法律责任元素遵循行政责任在先、民事责任居中、刑事责任在后,市场主体责任在先、主管机关责任在后这一基本规律形成的链条,体现着经济法先规制市场失灵,再控制政府失灵这一事实逻辑和经济法产生与发展的轨迹.经济法责任链有长有短,链条中所包括的责任元素有多有少,这取决于经济违法行为给社会造成危害的可能性与严重程度.在实质上,经济法责任链是经济违法行为外部性在法律责任上的体现,是社会责任本位对经济法的内在要求,体现了经济法的价值目标--社会整体经济效率.  

Evidence of Fraud,Audit Risk and Audit Liability Regimes

We investigate the effectiveness of proportionate liability in reducing the probability of fraud and audit risk relative to joint and several liability in two strategic audit settings: one that provides conclusive evidence of fraud and one that provides inconclusive evidence of fraud. In both settings the auditor makes an audit effort choice, but in the second setting the auditor also evaluates the audit evidence. Our results show that when the auditor chooses only effort, a proportionate liability rule with large marginal liability relief decreases audit risk. However, when the auditor also evaluates the audit evidence this result no longer holds.  

Managerial legal liability coverage and earnings conservatism

This paper examines the effect of managerial legal liability coverage on earnings conservatism. Using directors’ and officers’ (D&O) liability insurance coverage and cash for indemnification as a proxy for managerial legal liability coverage, we find that the higher the managerial liability coverage, which reduces the expected legal liability of managers, the less conservative the firm's earnings. We also find that managerial legal liability coverage has a stronger influence on earnings conservatism in a legal regime with higher litigation risk. Our results are consistent with the threat of litigation conditioning managers to practice conservative accounting.  

浅谈外汇管理条例中的"双罚制"

"双罚制"原本是一个刑法学上的概念,后其法律精神被行政法所吸收并应用.2008年8月5日颁布的<中华人民共和国外汇管理条例>中也采用了该制度,对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员实施处罚.如何正确认定违规机构与其责任人员的法律责任,合理界定直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员的范围,是外汇管理机关依法行政的基础.  

中澳反垄断滥用市场支配地位规制立法比较

滥用市场支配地位是反垄断法三大支柱之一,在反垄断法中具有举足轻重的地位。中澳规制滥用市场支配地位制度立法不尽相同。澳大利亚与中国不同未设立市场支配地位推定制度。澳大利亚反垄断立法认定滥用市场支配地位采取过错责任原则,而中国适应严格责任原则。澳大利亚反垄断法对滥用市场支配地位的处罚幅度大于中国立法。中国反垄断法应坚持市场支配地位推定制度及严格责任原则、对滥用市场支配地位加大处罚力度并规定刑事责任。  

客户转账时填错卡号的法律责任分析

本文从案例分析入手,剖析了填错卡号错汇款项纠纷案件的法律风险及各方当事人应承担的法律责任,认为不当得利第三人对汇错款项既无财产所有权又无存款债权,无权要求汇入行偿还不当得利,汇入行根据汇款人申请办理退汇手续,完全符合法律规定,法院对本汇兑纠纷案件的审理出现认定事实和适用法律错误。作者探讨了错误汇款法律救济的有关途径,阐述了此类案件对国家、社会、银行、公民等多元主体的法治启示,特别在当代银行业实现数字化、信息化并与国际接轨的背景下,本案例的探讨对依法维护汇款人、银行、收款人的合法利益具有积极的现实意义。  

Liability Risk for Outside Directors: a Cross‐Border Analysis

Much has been said recently about the risky legal environment in which outside directors of public companies operate, especially in the USA, but increasingly elsewhere as well. Our research on outside director liability suggests, however, that directors’ fears are largely unjustified. We examine the law and lawsuit outcomes in four common law countries (Australia, Canada, Britain, and the USA) and three civil law countries (France, Germany, and Japan). The legal terrain and the risk of ‘nominal liability’(a court finds liability or the defendants agree to a settlement) differ greatly depending on the jurisdiction. But nominal liability rarely turns into ‘out‐of‐pocket liability,’ in which the directors pay personally damages or legal fees. Instead, damages and legal fees are paid by the company, directors’ and officers’(D&O) insurance, or both. The bottom line: outside directors of public companies face a very low risk of out‐of‐pocket liability. We sketch the political and market forces that produce functional convergence in outcomes across countries, despite large differences in law, and suggest reasons to think that this outcome might reflect sensible policy.