A Cross‐national Comparison of R&D Expenditure Decisions: Tax Incentives and Financial Constraints*

We provide evidence on the impact of tax incentives and financial constraints on corporate R&D expenditure decisions. We contribute to extant research by comparing R&D expenditures in the United States and Canada, thereby exploiting the differences in the two countries' R&D tax credit mechanisms and generally accepted accounting principles. The two tax incentive mechanism designs are consistent with differing views of the degree of financial constraints faced by firms in these economies. Our sample also allows us to explore the effects of capitalizing R&D on Canadian firms. Employing a matched design, we document relations between tax credit incentives and R&D spending consistent with both Canadian and U.S. public companies responding as though they are not financially constrained. We estimate that the Canadian credit system induces, on average, $1.30 of additional R&D spending per dollar of taxes forgone while the U.S. system induces, on average, $2.96 of additional spending. We also find that firms that capitalize R&D costs in Canada spend, on average, 18 percent more on R&D. Collectively, this evidence is important to the ongoing debates in both countries concerning the appropriate design of incentives for R&D and is consistent with the assumptions found in the U.S. tax credit system, but not those found in the Canadian system.     

大型钢模壳的开发与施工技术

中国建筑文化中心展厅及以上的楼层 ,设计采用了适合公共建筑的无粘结预应力双向密肋板结构体系 ,取得了很好的综合效益。施工在选用支模方案时 ,开发了大型钢模壳 ,代替了现常用的塑料模壳、玻璃钢模壳 ,不仅为本工程降低了投资、提高了外观质量 ,且为今后推广这类结构时 ,提供了实践经验     

我国创业板上市公司治理问题研究

由于我国证券市场创业板上市公司股权结构具有控股股东持股比例相对较低的特点,这将产生不同于主板上市公司的剥夺型公司治理问题。要解决这一问题,就必需完善保护中小股东的有关法规,加强执法力度,建立声誉约束机制,并加大对失信行为的处罚力度。     

重大公共危机中科研协同团队识别研究——以诊断试剂为例

遴选合适的科研机构以整合成科研协同力量对于应对重大公共危机,尤其是对于防治和遏制新型冠状病毒肺炎等重大紧急疫情至关重要。首先,构建科研力量协同整合潜在对象识别理论模型,并在此基础上构建识别方法。以突发重大公共危机中的诊断试剂科研攻关为研究对象,以诊断试剂领域科研力量协同整合作为案例进行实证研究。最终识别出7个协同合作群组及29个关键核心机构,而且可将其整合为针对不同科研攻关需求的科研力量。结果还表明,在整合诊断试剂领域科研力量时,高校是与其它机构衔接的主要核心纽带,来自国家层面的科研院所及军队系统机构可以提供有力支持,而高新技术企业也是不可忽视的重要力量。     

科研项目评审与授项中委托代理问题分析

以科研项目评审与授项为研究对象,揭示了委托代理关系下的不确定性决策过程,通过改进传统委托代理情形下的不确定性决策模型,分析了委托人与代理人的方案选择过程。研究表明,在信息不对称和奖惩系数不合理的情况下,代理人和委托人的决策可能导致项目评审的不公平性,使得科研项目资金资助效率降低。最后,从信息集和奖惩机制方面提出了解决这一问题的对策。     

大学知识生产能力测度：场域特性、表征框架及实践应用

大学知识生产能力提升是推进中国“双一流”大学建设战略的重要突破口。资源是大学知识生产的基础,大学知识生产资源获取路径存在学术、市场和行政的三维场域分化。通过资源有效利用而培养能力是大学知识生产的最终目标,大学知识生产能力表征框架表现为输入性与输出性能力、学术探究力与市场竞争力的双重坐标,评价场域分化决定了大学知识生产能力测度标准的多维特性。大学科研管理实践是在遵循场域分化和各要素矛盾运动客观规律的基础上,对稳固基础、融合共生、优势转化等战略的主观选择及行动策略。     

组织信任氛围对任务绩效的作用途径

This paper explores the mechanism by which trust climate influences individual performance. From the perspective of psychological dynamics, we investigate the relationship among perceptions of organizational climate, motivation and individual behaviors to crystallize how a trustworthy organizational environment favors superior individual performance. 203 employees and their supervisors participated in this study, the results show that trust climate benefits individual performance through fostering psychological safety, which in turn influences individual performance via two mutually complementary pathways, namely ability to focus and organizational learning. Psychological safety is conducive to increasing individual ability to focus and improving job performance. Moreover, it is also instrumental in enhancing individual willingness to learn and experiment with new methods as an effort to achieve superior performance. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. __________ Translated and revised from Xinli kexue xuebao 心理科学学报 (Acta Psychologica Sinica), 2007, 39(6): 1111–1121     

武汉城市圈交通一体化发展研究

文中通过分析武汉城市圈交通体系的现状,指出了目前武汉城市圈交通体系中存在着诸多优缺点,针对这些提出了武汉城市圈交通体系一体化的基本思路及主要内容,在此基础上进一步提出了相应的保障措施,为推进武汉城市圈交通一体化的发展提供了一些理论支持。