Does tourism really cause stress? A natural experiment utilizing ArcGIS Survey123

ABSTRACT

Tourism related stress has recently been revealed as an issue for tourism host community residents. Prior studies have relied on directly asking residents if tourism caused them stress, resulting in possible participant priming. This study utilized the ArcGIS Survey123 app to collect data on resident stress from a community with high levels of tourism visitation and a community with low levels of tourism visitation. During the study, researchers never mentioned tourism. Half of study participants in the community with high tourism visitation discussed tourism directly as a stressor, accounting for almost 5% of all stressful experiences, while no participants in the community with low tourism visitation mentioned tourism as a stressor. Geospatial data revealed that tourism related stressors occurred outside of the ‘tourism zone’ in the community with high tourism visitation, and tourism related stressors mirrored perceived tourism impacts measured in a post experiment survey of study participants.     

Measuring the unmeasurable: an application of uncertainty quantification to Treasury bond portfolios

We extract from the yield curve a new measure of fundamental economic uncertainty, based on McDiarmid’s diameter and related methods for optimal uncertainty quantification (OUQ). OUQ seeks analytical bounds on a system’s behaviour, even where aspects of the underlying data-generating process and system response function are not completely known. We use OUQ to stress test a simple fixed-income portfolio, certifying its safety—i.e. that potential losses will be ‘small’ in an appropriate sense. The results give explicit tradeoffs between: scenario count, maximum loss, test horizon, and confidence level. Unfortunately, uncertainty peaks in late 2008, weakening certification assurances just when they are needed most.     

Exploring tourists’ stress and coping strategies in leisure travel

Leisure travel can mediate daily stress, but also provoke stress. Tourists experience multiple stress during their vacations. The aim of this study was to identify what types of stress tourists encounter during their travel experiences and what strategies they use to cope with stress. Using semi-structured interviews and participant observation, the study findings reveal that tourists encounter four major types of stress (i.e., service-provider-related stress, traveler-related stress, travel-partner-related stress, and environment-related stress) during their vacations and use many strategies (i.e., problem-focused and emotion-focused coping) to cope with stress. These findings not only contribute to tourism research by documenting specific types of stress in the travel context and exploring new insights into ways of coping with stress, but also provide suggestions for how tourism and hospitality professionals should modify programs/experiences in response to tourists’ stress and the need to cope with stress during travel experiences.     

我国商业银行宏观压力测试研究——基于四类银行的SUR模型

本文以不良贷款率作为评估银行主要风险的指标,建立SUR模型对我国国有商业银行、股份制银行,城市商业银行和农村商业银行四类银行进行了宏观压力测试。通过构建房价下跌和物价上涨的极端情景,运用蒙特卡洛模拟方法得到宏观经济因素冲击下四类银行的贷款损失分布,结果表明在设定的压力情景下,四类银行的贷款损失率都有不同程度的上升,国有商业银行的稳健性最好,而城市商业银行表现相对较差。     

凸显学生主体 激活思政教学

本文认为要调动高职大学生学习思政课的积极性,提高教学实效,关键在于凸显学生主体,激活教学内容、教学方法和考试形式,达到预期效果。     

构建中国金融压力指数探析

加强宏观审慎管理,维护金融体系稳定,要求中央银行能够及时地监测金融市场总体状况,而现有指标多数局限于分析单个金融市场。2008金融危机后,美国圣路易斯联邦储备银行等机构开发出金融市场压力指数监测整个金融市场压力情况,从而更好地来评估货币政策效率和金融市场稳定状况。本文通过分析国际金融市场3种常用的金融压力指数,采用6个指标分别描述影响我国金融市场投资者信心和流动性状况的因素,并据此编制中国金融市场压力指数。实证研究结果表明,该指数与芝加哥期货交易所波动率指数存在长期协整关系,能够较好地刻划我国金融市场压力变动情况。     

商业银行市场风险压力测试研究

2007年起始的全球金融危机暴露了银行业对压力时期的市场风险预测失灵。危机后,西方国家通过压力测试来评估银行的资本充足状况。这一举措起到了恢复市场信心的作用。因为影响市场的风险因素众多,所以市场风险压力测试有别于其他风险类别的压力测试。虽然市场风险压力测试在学术领域、监管层面和实际应用中都得到了一定程度的研究与发展,然而当前压力测试方法还存在诸多不足,如不能提供压力情景可能性分析、无法涵盖模型外风险因素的测度、受限于产品定价模型的假设等。因此,在未来发展中应更加关注压力测试结果在银行的运用,及充分考虑尚未被普遍纳入压力情景的隐性风险因素。     

存在自相关时自回归模型的估计和检验

讨论存在自相关情况下自回归模型中随机解释变量的内生性,指出目前的计量经济理论所存在的问题,证明了随机误差存在自相关情况下一阶自回归模型和高阶自回归模型的随机解释变量与随机误差都不相关,同时改进了自回归模型的估计和检验方法。     

基于SWOT分析的化学品安全检测实验室认可战略研究

针对化学品安全检测实验室认可发展,运用SWOT分析认可制度和市场优势和机会,以及面临竞争和制度体系等劣势和威胁,提出化学品安全检测实验室与国际接轨认可发展的需求。