Overall and time-varying effects of global and domestic uncertainty on the Korean economy

This study analyzes the overall and time-varying effects of global and domestic uncertainty on the Korean economy by estimating constant parameter and time-varying parameter vector autoregressive models. Global and Korea-specific uncertainty are measured using the method proposed by Mumtaz and Theodoridis (2017). A rise in both the uncertainty measures has an adverse impact on the Korean economy by lowering stock market returns and output growth, and by creating inflation caused by currency depreciation. Quantitatively, the domestic uncertainty shock exercises a larger effect on the Korean economy than the global uncertainty shock, as the former uncertainty shock accounts for about one-fifth of output variation and the latter accounts for about one-tenth. Regarding time-varying effects, substantial increases in domestic uncertainty during the Asian Financial Crisis and global uncertainty during the Global Financial Crisis explain a significant part of macroeconomic fluctuations in Korea during those periods. This is because of the increased volatility of uncertainty shocks during these periods, rather than a structural change in the way these shocks affect the economy.     

中国金融市场风险与宏观经济景气之间的关联动态研究

为了揭示中国金融体系与宏观经济运行的系列结构性变化及其关联动态,文章分别基于货币流动性宽松程度、剩余收益模型以及银行资产负债表,对中国货币市场、股票市场与银行体系的风险进行了测度和评估;并在分析上述三个金融子市场风险变动规律及其传递机制的基础上,运用时变参数向量自回归模型实证检验了各金融市场风险与宏观经济景气之间的关联动态。研究发现:在金融危机爆发前后,不同金融市场风险之间的传递关系发生了重要转变,并且与宏观经济景气变动之间的交互影响也存在显著的阶段性差异,呈现出"良性循环"与"恶性螺旋"的非对称性切换。这些研究为中国新时期积极转变宏观经济调控政策决策机制、创新宏观经济调控与金融监管模式,实现宏观经济与金融体系的双重稳定提供了有益的经验依据与政策启示。     

基本有色金属期货市场价格波动实证分析

依据铜、铝和锌三种典型性基本有色金属在金融危机前后的期货价格波动数据,运用分解-合成框架和时变TVP-VAR分析模型,考量影响基本有色金属期货价格波动重大事件和长期趋势价格波动的因素及价格时变特征。结果发现：铜、铝和锌三种基本有色金属期货的价格走势基本一致,且与中国宏观经济密切相关,其价格的最低点都出现在金融危机期间,而价格的最高点基本都出现在经济繁荣期;基本有色金属价格存在同涨同跌关系,而且涨跌幅基本趋势相一致。鉴此,可以对具有周期变化特征的基本有色金属价格走势进行预测,并规避价格波动的风险。     

Does economic policy uncertainty drive the dynamic spillover among traditional currencies and cryptocurrencies? The role of the COVID-19 pandemic

The paper examines the dynamic spillover among traditional currencies and cryptocurrencies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigates whether economic policy uncertainty (EPU) impacts this spillover. Based on the TVP-VAR approach, we find evidence of spillover effects among currencies, which increased widely during the pandemic. In addition, results suggest that almost all cryptocurrencies remain as “safe-haven” tools against market uncertainty during the COVID-19 period. Moreover, comparative analysis shows that the total connectedness for cryptocurrencies is lower than for traditional currencies during the crisis. Further analysis using quantile regression suggests that EPU exerts an impact on the total and the net spillovers with different degrees across currencies and this impact is affected by the health crisis. Our findings have important policy implications for policymakers, investors, and international traders.     

中国保险业具有持续的经济增长促进作用吗?——基于期限结构视角的时变参数研究

保险业促进经济发展的相关理论及由实践经验数据所得结论并未达成一致共识,部分学者认为保险业的发展有助于推动经济增长;同时也有部分学者认为保险业的经济助推作用并不明显。本文基于1999~20丨7年财险和寿险月度数据,运用时变参数向量自回归模型(TVP-VAR)研究保险业对经济增长的促进作用,得出如下结论:整体上,保险业对经济增长能够产生促进效应,并且随着保险业的发展,促进作用愈发显著;财险和寿险的发展均对经济增长产生显著地直接促进作用,在不同的期限结构时点,其持续程度与显著程度不同;此外,保险业对经济增长还存在持续的间接促进作用。该结论对于新常态下的保险监管政策制定者存在一定借鉴意义。     

Monetary policy and speculative spillovers in financial markets

This paper examines the role of monetary policy (MP) as a driver of connectedness patterns in speculative activities in financial markets. Examining measures of speculation in four major markets including gold, equities, Treasury bonds and crude oil, we show that speculative activities can spill over across markets with the stock market generally serving as the main transmitter of speculative shocks. While unconventional MP is associated with greater connectedness of speculative activities in financial markets, we also find that unconventional (conventional) MP drives gold (financial assets) to serve as a net transmitter of speculative shocks to the other markets. The findings establish an important link between the monetary policy signals and trading behavior in financial markets with significant policy implications.     

Dynamic impact of negative public sentiment on agricultural product prices during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significantly negative impact on public sentiment, which has resulted in panic and some irrational buying behavior, which in turn has had a complex impact on agricultural product prices. This study quantified online negative sentiment using micro-blog text mining and a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model (TVP-VAR) to empirically analyze the dynamic impact of negative public emotions on agricultural product prices during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. It was found that the online negative sentiment impacted agricultural products prices during COVID-19 and had significant time-varying, lag, and life cycle characteristics, with the responses being most significant in the spread and recession periods. Differences were found in the price responses for different agricultural products and in different risk areas. The online negative sentiment was found to have the greatest impact on vegetable prices, with livestock products and vegetable prices being mainly positively impacted, fruit prices being mainly negatively impacted, and aquatic product prices being negatively impacted in the early stage and positively impacted in the middle and late stages. The online negative sentiment had the greatest impact on medium-risk area agricultural product prices, followed by low-risk areas, with the lowest impact found on the high-risk area agricultural product prices. Three policy suggestions for epidemic monitoring, public opinion guidance and control, and the timely release of agricultural product information are given based on the results.     

中国的金融周期波动及其宏观经济效应的时变特征研究

本文利用主成分分析方法计算出中国的金融形势指数,以此考察了中国金融周期的波动特征,并进一步运用时变参数向量自回归模型分析中国金融周期波动对宏观经济的时变影响及其非对称性特征。研究结果表明,中国金融周期波动先行于宏观经济景气波动,周期长度大致为3年,且存在长扩张短收缩的非对称性特征;金融冲击的“产出效应”不如“价格效应”明显,金融形势好转所产生的加速效应比金融形势恶化所带来的负面影响更为显著。     

“逆周期因子”提高了人民币汇率中间价的市场基准地位吗？——基于时变溢出指数的实证研究

为了对冲外汇市场情绪的顺周期波动,缓解市场中的羊群效应,中国人民银行于2017年5月26日在人民币汇率中间价报价中引入"逆周期因子"。本文基于TVP-VAR模型,构造了时变的溢出指数,通过量化分析方法考察了"逆周期因子"对人民币汇率中间价基准地位的影响。研究发现,第一,"逆周期因子"的引入导致人民币中间价对其他汇率的溢出效应降低,中间价的基准地位被削弱。第二,从整个人民币汇率体系来看,"逆周期因子"的引入提高了汇率体系的总体溢出水平,系统的联动效应增强。第三,"逆周期因子"的引入对短期汇率体系的影响大于对长期汇率体系的影响。基于此,本文提出了应进一步完善"逆周期因子"的构成,实现逆周期与保持中间价基准地位并存等政策建议。     

利率管制、LPR与完全市场化下的货币政策传导机制:理论对比与实证检验

2019年8月,中国人民银行正式启用修订后的贷款基础利率（LPR）,标志着中国利率市场化改革步入收官阶段。这使得有关利率市场化能否保障货币政策有效性并从根本上改善货币政策传导效率的探讨再度成为焦点。鉴于此,文章构建了DSGE模型和TVP-VAR模型,详细对比了不同市场化程度下利率政策的有效性和传导效率,主要得出以下三点结论：第一,随着市场化程度的不断加深,产出、通胀与企业价值对利率调控的反应愈加敏感,表明利率市场化改革能够优化利率的宏微观传导效率;第二,模拟分析显示,完全市场化将会大幅降低利率政策的宏观传导效率,同时还可能诱发逆向选择并导致微观传导渠道失灵,因此货币当局仍应对利率完全市场化持必要谨慎;最后,实证检验结果表明,LPR的推出进一步提高了利率传导效率,这说明在完全市场化的初级阶段,采取LPR等过渡元素逐渐加强市场定价主导地位不失为双轨合一过程中的有益尝试。