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1.
One aspect in which non‐financial corporations (NFCs) are said to be financialized is that they have been increasingly engaged in financial accumulation from which they derive a growing proportion of financial income. This is what we call the financial turn of accumulation hypothesis. In this article, we show that the evidence used to sustain it, in the U.S. setting, has to be reconsidered. Our findings show that, contrary to the financial turn of accumulation hypothesis, financial income averages 2.5% of NFCs’ total income since the 1980s, oscillating since the beginnings of the 1990s until 2005 and then declining. In terms of assets, some of the alleged financial assets might actually reflect other activities in which NFCs have been increasingly engaged, such as tax avoidance, internationalization of production, activities refocusing and M&As.  相似文献   
2.
We study a credit term determination problem in the context of a supplier-buyer supply chain. The supplier's credit term decision is simultaneously made with its production and inventory decisions, and most importantly, it is impacted by the buyer's order quantity. We present a new game-theoretic framework to model this problem, which captures the interaction between the supplier's credit term decision and the buyer's order decision in a multi-period setting. An exact method based on nonlinear programming is implemented to obtain the optimal solutions. We apply our methodologies on a real world case. The computational results show that our approach significantly outperforms the heuristics with fixed credit terms, and either a short or a long credit term can be sub-optimal for the supplier in profitability. Our work offers the first data-driven model and solution approach that assists purchasing and supply managers to make optimal dynamic credit term decision in conjunction with production, ordering and inventory decisions in a game-theoretic setting.  相似文献   
3.
As local governments and corporations promote ‘climate friendliness’, and a low-carbon lifestyle becomes increasingly desirable, more middle- and upper-income urban residents are choosing to live near public transit, on bike- and pedestrian-friendly streets, and in higher-density mixed-use areas. This rejection of classical forms of suburbanization has, in part, increased property values in neighborhoods offering these amenities, displacing lower-income, often non-white, residents. Increased prevalence of creative and technology workers appears to accelerate this trend. We argue that a significant and understudied socio-environmental contradiction also occurs where the actual environmental outcomes of neighborhood transformation may not be what we expect. New research on greenhouse gas emissions shows that more affluent residents have much larger carbon footprints because of their consumption, even when reductions in transportation or building energy emissions are included. We describe an area in Seattle, Washington, the location of Amazon's headquarters, experiencing this contradiction and show a distinct convergence of city investments in low-carbon infrastructure, significant rises in housing prices and decreases in lower-income and non-white residents. We conclude with a discussion of a range of issues that require more attention by scholars interested in housing justice and/or urban sustainability.  相似文献   
4.
Unsanctioned tent cities are increasing in number in cities throughout the western United States. Scholars explain the phenomenon as homeless people asserting their ‘right to the city’ or as ‘managed marginality’. These explanations capture much of the socio-political relationship between local government and homeless populations, but do not explain the long-term persistence of tent cities and the fluctuating nature of their visibility. A spatial history of informal encampments in Sacramento at three key moments—the founding of the city, the Great Depression and the Great Recession—reveals a long-term ebb and flow of tent cities occupying close-to-the-center, urban vacancies. Urban vacancies arise from the partitioning of the city into specific purposes, places and people, a taken-for-granted perception of how cities should be. The visibility of tent cities disrupts this aesthetic notion of stability and growth as homeless people use the tent to protest their isolation and exclusion.  相似文献   
5.
中国快速城镇化的过程伴随着各类城市绿地公园的 规划建设。对城市公园系统综合质量的科学评价关系着城市开 放空间品质的提升、居民生活质量的提高和公共服务设施规划 水平的进步。以ParkScore指数为例,对美国城市公园综合 评价系统的建设过程、评价标准和指标体系进行系统介绍和特 征评述,总结分析其在城市规划实践和研究中的应用,提出我 国应完善城市空间数据库建设、引入以人为本的评价指标和加 强指标体系建立过程的有效性等建议措施,旨在为我国城市公 园综合评价系统建设提供借鉴。  相似文献   
6.
Positive uncertainty refers to uncertainty surrounding an anticipated positive outcome. It provides consumers with the opportunity to imagine and speculate on a product's or experience's potentially positive characteristics. Research has shown that when uncertainty is associated with something positive, consumers may prefer uncertainty to certainty. In a between-subjects experimental design with a large US (n = 446) and Japanese sample (n = 453), the present study demonstrates that positive uncertainty increases consumers’ positive feelings when they evaluate a product, particularly for high-involvement products that allow consumers to imagine and speculate about potentially positive product benefits. Unexpectedly, the study findings are consistent across the two different markets, which vary substantially in terms of consumers’ level of uncertainty avoidance. Specifically, results show that future-framed advertisements are effective in generating positive uncertainty and that positive uncertainty generates positive attitudes, both in countries scoring high (Japan) and low (USA) on uncertainty avoidance.  相似文献   
7.
This research aimed to reconstruct a local urban politics and develop a meso–micro‐level model of urban politics through a case study, drawing on a Bourdieusian relational framework. To this end, it investigated the case of local low‐income housing policy — inclusionary zoning — in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. It historicized the path of the local low‐income policy issue through document analysis and qualitative media content analysis. Through multiple analyses, the study revealed that urban politics consists of complex interlinkages among stakeholders with shared values or interests from different social domains, created in order to dominate the policy issue. The study further investigated, on the basis of Bourdieu's concepts of capital and habitus, what elicited different political strategies from key community leaders.  相似文献   
8.
Background and aims: IDegLira, a fixed ratio combination of insulin degludec and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, utilizes the complementary mechanisms of action of these two agents to improve glycemic control with low risk of hypoglycemia and avoidance of weight gain. The aim of the present analysis was to assess the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira vs liraglutide added to basal insulin, for patients with type 2 diabetes not achieving glycemic control on basal insulin in the US setting.

Methods: Projections of lifetime costs and clinical outcomes were made using the IMS CORE Diabetes Model. Treatment effect data for patients receiving IDegLira and liraglutide added to basal insulin were modeled based on the outcomes of a published indirect comparison, as no head-to-head clinical trial data is currently available. Costs were accounted in 2015?US dollars ($) from a healthcare payer perspective.

Results: IDegLira was associated with small improvements in quality-adjusted life expectancy compared with liraglutide added to basal insulin (8.94 vs 8.91 discounted quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]). The key driver of improved clinical outcomes was the greater reduction in glycated hemoglobin associated with IDegLira. IDegLira was associated with mean costs savings of $17,687 over patient lifetimes vs liraglutide added to basal insulin, resulting from lower treatment costs and cost savings as a result of complications avoided.

Conclusions: The present long-term modeling analysis found that IDegLira was dominant vs liraglutide added to basal insulin for patients with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control on basal insulin in the US, improving clinical outcomes and reducing direct costs.  相似文献   
9.
通过比较分析,发现中美的“新丝绸之路”在战略内涵、空间布局上存在很大不同。美国的战略规划侧重投资基础设施和 TAPI 天然气管道建设,而我国侧重谋划建设四大跨境高铁,建设中哈、中土、中缅石油天然气管道。美国的根本目的是确立美国在中亚地区的主导地位,巩固阿富汗战争的成果,通过“新丝路计划”和 TPP 从东西夹击中俄。而中国是为了加强与欧洲和东盟的经济联系,保障我国的能源供给安全,应对“三股势力”并缩小国内东西部地区经济发展的差距。两国“新丝绸之路”战略发展前景都存在一定的阻碍,但美国的“新丝绸之路”计划带有明显的政治色彩,是美国重返亚太的需求,难以协调这个区域各国之间的利益,很难持久推行下去。中国的“一带一路”战略与沿线国家是“命运共同体”,是一条经济文化交流之路,决定了中国版的“新丝路计划”将会有更广阔的发展空间。  相似文献   
10.
While a number of hospitality researchers have investigated hospitality stock returns, few examine the stock returns of casino gaming companies. In finance, these stocks are often termed as ‘sin’ stocks. The purpose of this study is to compare the stock returns of cross-listed casino gaming stocks in Hong Kong and New York stock exchanges. Four pairs of casino gaming stocks are currently cross-listed in both exchanges, allowing for comparison. The cross-listing sample consists of 3138 firm-day observations from January 2009 to December 2013. Preliminary analyses, using time-series regression, show that the average daily returns and standard deviations of casino gaming stocks are much higher than market indices in both jurisdictions. Most importantly, casino gaming stocks listed in Hong Kong exchange have a significantly higher abnormal return than their cross-listed counterparts in the US. The reason may be due to cultural issues. These findings will have meaningful implications to investors of casino gaming companies.  相似文献   
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