我国婚姻中的理性策略

任何一种行为选择都存在理性和非理性之分。理性是相对的,并非是绝对的。婚姻过程的选择也不例外,在某种意义上也是一种理性策略。从社会学的视角出发试图分析婚姻策略中的理性选择问题,目的在于认识和了解婚姻策略的合理性。     

Legalistic organizational responses to catastrophic illness: The effect of stigmatization on reactions to HIV/AIDS

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has focused increased attention on catastrophic illnesses in the workplace, and because of the stigmas associated with HIV/AIDS, it raises three primary concerns for organizations: (1) organizational avoidance of legal sanctions and litigation; (2) the maintenance of organizational legitimacy; and (3) organizational protection of employee rights. Although many organizations adopt legalistic responses to cope with these concerns, the analysis presented in this article suggests that while legalistic approaches function well to protect organizational interests in terms of both legal liability and legitimacy, the are only partially able to protect employee rights. Drawing upon the limited literature on HIV/AIDS in the workplace, this article presents an agenda for future research on organizational responses to HIV/AIDS.     

中国企业非市场策略与行为研究--对海尔、中国宝洁、新希望的案例研究

本文基于内容分析法以三家企业（海尔、中国宝洁和四川新希望）为案例，研究了提升企业经营合法性的非市场策略与行为。研究结果表明．尽管不同企业采取了差异化的非市场策略．但这些策略和行为均有助于提升企业的经营合法性；将企业与已经获得合法性的事项（例如，政治事项等）、组织（例如，行业协会、政府等）或人员（例如，专家学者等）联系起来，是提升企业经营合法性的重要策略和途径：高管人员作为企业的代言人频繁参与非市场活动，则是企业提升经营合法性的普遍做法。最后。本文提出了相应的理论推断并为现实中企业的经营管理提出了可操作性建议。     

Subnational institutional environment,scale competition and MNEs’ ownership levels in transition economy: evidence from China

Abstract

This paper shows that the effect of market scale competition on the ownership levels of foreign-funded enterprises is conditioned on sub-national institutional environment in China. Analysis is based on the idea that multinational enterprises subject to the dual pressures of institutional isomorphism and competition in the host country. The provincial panel data from 2001 to 2012 is used for empirical tests. This study indicates that the weaker the legal property rights protection and legal enforcement of contracts, and the higher the opening up, the more the large foreign-funded enterprises decrease their ownership levels, whereas the negative moderating effect incurred by the reduction to government intervention in business is limited significant.     

规制和公众意愿双重约束下的企业合法性管理

改革开放以来,企业行为不仅受到政府规制的约束,还受到日益增长的公众意愿的影响。尤其律随着信息技术而发展起来的网络传播机制的形成,公众意愿的影响力日益增强,其通过影响政府主管部门决策阈接对企业施加影响的现象也越来越普遍。文章在回顾企业合法性理论的基础上,针对企业在规钢或公众意愿上的单一类型的合法性具备、不具备和不明确三种情况,分别给出了利用或加强、减弱或改变、掩饰或建构共计6种策略。把规制和公众意愿双重制度要素约束下的企业合法性状态分为9种共6大类,并针对性地提出了6大类组合型合法性管理策略。     

Did victories in certification contests affect the survival of organizations in the American automobile industry during 1895–1912? A replication study

Research summary: We successfully replicate the highly influential study: “The social construction of reputation…,”(Rao, 1994 ) which reports that cumulative victories in certification contests are negatively associated with firm failure. The replication is robust to the inclusion of additional controls. As in the original, tests of whether the theory is most powerful under higher uncertainty are not supported. Further, placing second, third, or merely participating in races also negatively predicts firm failure, and there is insufficient information in the data to tease out the importance of these predictors versus race victories. We discuss the assumptions under which the evidence can be interpreted as supportive of a more general argument of “loose coupling”, where affiliation with certification contests reduces firm failure. Managerial summary: We successfully replicate a study that related victories in races to the survival of early automobile firms. This result was interpreted as evidence that rank‐order certification contests legitimized firms and led to survival. We then demonstrate that there is insufficient information to tease out the relative importance of victories, as opposed to placing second, third, or merely participating in predicting survival. Our result is consistent with an argument that affiliation with certification contests, not only winning them, increases a firm's chances of survival. It is also consistent with an argument that firms with better quality automobiles won races and survived. An implication of our work is that there is insufficient evidence to determine if firms in new industries should expend finite resources on participation in certification contests or improvement of product quality.     

外来者劣势与海外并购企业的生产率提升

海外并购已成为新兴经济体企业对外投资和实现国际化扩张的重要战略选择。外来者劣势是中国企业海外并购活动面临着的诸多困难之一。“外来者”身份会对企业并购后的整合与生产率提升这一关键问题产生负面影响,化解负面影响需作深入的细化研究。选取2008-2015年中国上市企业共计197起海外并购事件,以制度距离、文化距离以及地理距离分别作为外来者劣势中合法性缺失和信息不对称的替代变量,分析外来者劣势对海外并购企业生产率提升的作用机制。结果显示,合法性缺失导致的外来者劣势对海外并购企业的生产率提升有显著负影响,但信息不对称对生产率的影响并不显著。调节效应检验结果表明,国内投资能显著弱化制度距离和文化距离引致的外来者劣势对海外并购企业生产率的负影响,国际化经验和出口能克服制度距离带来的合法性问题,但对文化距离带来的合法性缺失的弱化效果并不明显。     

地利共享:土地财政的制度合法性

土地财政作为地方政府财政收入的重要来源,成为地方政府提供基础设施建设和社会公共服务的物质基础。在城市化的快速发展中,土地财政成为必不可少的动力。随着城市化进程的加速,土地管理法的修订,土地财政的合法性颇受争议。从合法性的制度视角看,地利共享是土地制度合法性源泉,体现在规制性、规范性和认知性三方面。但是,土地财政的地利共享合法性也面临着规制上的多变和复杂,规范上的迷离和离散,认知上的背离与缺失三方面的危机。化解土地财政的合法性危机,需要对土地财政地利共享的合法性进行重塑:规制层面上,完善土地管理法律体系,坚持土地使用的宪法底线;规范层面上,坚持土地改革的局部试点,谨慎推行全局式的土地改革策略;认知层面上,完善土地财政使用渠道,探索更加多样的土地增值分配方式。     

论温室气体排放管制的政治学根据

温室气体排放管制的政治学根据包括绿色政治和政治合法性两个方面。在绿色政治的大背景下,国际政治和国内政治都将温室气体排放管制问题放到了一个非常重要的位置。政府对温室气体排放行为进行管制是实现和维护其政治合法性的重要途径。温室气体排放管制本身是政府作为公共权力主体应当提供的一种特殊公共产品。温室气体排放管制是政府履行其社会职能的重要方面。温室气体排放管制的目的是为社会提供环境公共产品——安全的气候。作为地球村的一员,每个国家应当积极采取相关法律政策措施促进温室气体减排。