我国婚姻中的理性策略

任何一种行为选择都存在理性和非理性之分。理性是相对的,并非是绝对的。婚姻过程的选择也不例外,在某种意义上也是一种理性策略。从社会学的视角出发试图分析婚姻策略中的理性选择问题,目的在于认识和了解婚姻策略的合理性。     

Legalistic organizational responses to catastrophic illness: The effect of stigmatization on reactions to HIV/AIDS

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has focused increased attention on catastrophic illnesses in the workplace, and because of the stigmas associated with HIV/AIDS, it raises three primary concerns for organizations: (1) organizational avoidance of legal sanctions and litigation; (2) the maintenance of organizational legitimacy; and (3) organizational protection of employee rights. Although many organizations adopt legalistic responses to cope with these concerns, the analysis presented in this article suggests that while legalistic approaches function well to protect organizational interests in terms of both legal liability and legitimacy, the are only partially able to protect employee rights. Drawing upon the limited literature on HIV/AIDS in the workplace, this article presents an agenda for future research on organizational responses to HIV/AIDS.     

中国企业非市场策略与行为研究--对海尔、中国宝洁、新希望的案例研究

本文基于内容分析法以三家企业（海尔、中国宝洁和四川新希望）为案例，研究了提升企业经营合法性的非市场策略与行为。研究结果表明．尽管不同企业采取了差异化的非市场策略．但这些策略和行为均有助于提升企业的经营合法性；将企业与已经获得合法性的事项（例如，政治事项等）、组织（例如，行业协会、政府等）或人员（例如，专家学者等）联系起来，是提升企业经营合法性的重要策略和途径：高管人员作为企业的代言人频繁参与非市场活动，则是企业提升经营合法性的普遍做法。最后。本文提出了相应的理论推断并为现实中企业的经营管理提出了可操作性建议。     

Subnational institutional environment,scale competition and MNEs’ ownership levels in transition economy: evidence from China

Abstract

This paper shows that the effect of market scale competition on the ownership levels of foreign-funded enterprises is conditioned on sub-national institutional environment in China. Analysis is based on the idea that multinational enterprises subject to the dual pressures of institutional isomorphism and competition in the host country. The provincial panel data from 2001 to 2012 is used for empirical tests. This study indicates that the weaker the legal property rights protection and legal enforcement of contracts, and the higher the opening up, the more the large foreign-funded enterprises decrease their ownership levels, whereas the negative moderating effect incurred by the reduction to government intervention in business is limited significant.     

规制和公众意愿双重约束下的企业合法性管理

改革开放以来,企业行为不仅受到政府规制的约束,还受到日益增长的公众意愿的影响。尤其律随着信息技术而发展起来的网络传播机制的形成,公众意愿的影响力日益增强,其通过影响政府主管部门决策阈接对企业施加影响的现象也越来越普遍。文章在回顾企业合法性理论的基础上,针对企业在规钢或公众意愿上的单一类型的合法性具备、不具备和不明确三种情况,分别给出了利用或加强、减弱或改变、掩饰或建构共计6种策略。把规制和公众意愿双重制度要素约束下的企业合法性状态分为9种共6大类,并针对性地提出了6大类组合型合法性管理策略。     

地利共享:土地财政的制度合法性

土地财政作为地方政府财政收入的重要来源,成为地方政府提供基础设施建设和社会公共服务的物质基础。在城市化的快速发展中,土地财政成为必不可少的动力。随着城市化进程的加速,土地管理法的修订,土地财政的合法性颇受争议。从合法性的制度视角看,地利共享是土地制度合法性源泉,体现在规制性、规范性和认知性三方面。但是,土地财政的地利共享合法性也面临着规制上的多变和复杂,规范上的迷离和离散,认知上的背离与缺失三方面的危机。化解土地财政的合法性危机,需要对土地财政地利共享的合法性进行重塑:规制层面上,完善土地管理法律体系,坚持土地使用的宪法底线;规范层面上,坚持土地改革的局部试点,谨慎推行全局式的土地改革策略;认知层面上,完善土地财政使用渠道,探索更加多样的土地增值分配方式。     

Did victories in certification contests affect the survival of organizations in the American automobile industry during 1895–1912? A replication study

Research summary: We successfully replicate the highly influential study: “The social construction of reputation…,”(Rao, 1994 ) which reports that cumulative victories in certification contests are negatively associated with firm failure. The replication is robust to the inclusion of additional controls. As in the original, tests of whether the theory is most powerful under higher uncertainty are not supported. Further, placing second, third, or merely participating in races also negatively predicts firm failure, and there is insufficient information in the data to tease out the importance of these predictors versus race victories. We discuss the assumptions under which the evidence can be interpreted as supportive of a more general argument of “loose coupling”, where affiliation with certification contests reduces firm failure. Managerial summary: We successfully replicate a study that related victories in races to the survival of early automobile firms. This result was interpreted as evidence that rank‐order certification contests legitimized firms and led to survival. We then demonstrate that there is insufficient information to tease out the relative importance of victories, as opposed to placing second, third, or merely participating in predicting survival. Our result is consistent with an argument that affiliation with certification contests, not only winning them, increases a firm's chances of survival. It is also consistent with an argument that firms with better quality automobiles won races and survived. An implication of our work is that there is insufficient evidence to determine if firms in new industries should expend finite resources on participation in certification contests or improvement of product quality.     

国际制度与新进入国家的相互合法化

通常的观点认为,制度先行者塑造国际制度,新进入国家接受国际制度的塑造。作者对这一理论观点进行了修正,认为新进入国家参与国际制度的过程也是国际制度提高其合法性的一个同步过程:国际制度需要通过容纳新进入国家的关切来提高自身合法性;同时,新进入国家的关切得到容纳要以其接受制度宗旨为前提。双方产生了相互合法化的需要,它们需要同步接纳对方的合理诉求。一方面,国际制度是制度先行者互动形成的规则体系,未能包含更广泛的国家的关切事项,其合法性因而是有限的。另一方面,新进入国家参与国际制度通常需要接受已有制度的基本宗旨,否则它可能不会被接受为新成员。如果双方不能实现相互合法化,那么新进入国家与国际制度的关系将止步不前。而如果双方实现了相互合法化,使新进入国家取得国际制度成员资格成为可能。其结果是,新进入国家取得了为未来制定规则的机会,因而能够对国际制度的未来走向产生持续影响。