排序方式: 共有21条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Yiling Jiang Kazuko Taniguchi Tanaz Petigara Machiko Abe 《Journal of medical economics》2018,21(7):687-697
Objective: In Japan, the National Immunization Program (NIP) includes PPV23 as the primary vaccination for adults and catch-up cohorts. The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases recommends revaccination for older adults who received primary vaccination ≥5 years earlier. The cost-effectiveness of adding revaccination and/or continuing catch-up vaccination in the NIP was evaluated from the public payer perspective in Japan.Methods: The Markov model included five health states: no pneumococcal disease, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP), post-meningitis sequelae, and death. Cohorts of adults aged 65–95 were followed until age 100 or death: 2014 cohort (aged 65–95, vaccinated: 2014); 2019 cohort (aged 65: 2019); and 2019 catch-up cohort (aged 70–100: 2019, unvaccinated: 2014). Strategies included: (1) vaccinate 2014 and 2019 cohorts; (2) vaccinate 2014 and 2019 cohorts and revaccinate both; (3) strategy 1 and vaccinate 2019 catch-up cohort; (4) strategy 2 and vaccinate 2019 catch-up cohort; and (5) strategy 4 and revaccinate 2019 catch-up cohort. Parameters were retrieved from global and Japanese sources, costs and QALYs discounted at 2%, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) estimated.Results: Strategy 1 had the highest number of IPD and NBPP cases, and strategy 5 the lowest. Strategies 3–5 dominated strategy 1 and strategy 2 was cost-effective compared to strategy 1 (ICER: ¥1,622,153 per QALY gained). At a willingness-to-pay threshold of ¥5 million per QALY gained, strategy 2 was cost-effective and strategies 3–5 were cost-saving compared to strategy 1.Conclusions: Strategies including revaccination, catch-up, or both were cost-effective or cost-saving in comparison to no revaccination and no catch-up. Results can inform future vaccine policies and programs in Japan. 相似文献
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目前我国医疗水平趋于日益提高的状态,与此同时社会广大群体也逐渐意识到疾控工作的重要性,对疾控工作的重视度越来越大。疫苗,区别于一般的药品,是一种特殊的商品,由于其特殊性,在其采购、使用等任何一个环节出现问题都将会产生不可估量的严重后果,为此国务院设立了专门的条例(《疫苗流通和预防接种管理条例》)来对疫苗的管理进行规范。在对疫苗进行管理的过程中,各级疾控中心在其中占据了非常重要的角色,其是疫苗流通过程中重要的组成部分,在疫苗管理中有非常重要的作用。本文分析了疾控中心疫苗管理的基本情况以及疫苗管理中所存在的问题,并结合自己的工作经验,针对所存在的问题总结阐述了完善措施,以此来提高疾控中心疫苗财务管理的水平。 相似文献
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We use contingent valuation (CV) and choice experiment (CE) methods to assess cattle farmers’ attitudes to and willingness to pay (WTP) for a bovine tuberculosis (bTB) cattle vaccine, to help inform vaccine development and policy. A survey questionnaire was administered by means of telephone interviews to a stratified sample of 300 cattle farmers in annually bTB‐tested areas in England and Wales. Farmers felt that bTB was a major risk for the cattle industry and that there was a high risk of their cattle getting the disease. The CE estimate produced a mean WTP of £35 per animal per single dose for a vaccine that is 90% effective at reducing the risk of a bTB breakdown and an estimated £55 for such a vaccine backed by 100% insurance of loss if a breakdown should occur. The CV estimate produced a mean WTP of nearly £17 per dose/per animal/per year for a vaccine (including 100% insurance) which, given the average lifespan of cattle, is comparable to the CE estimate. These WTP estimates are substantially higher than the expected cost of a vaccine which suggests that farmers in high risk bTB ‘hotspot’ areas perceive a substantial net benefit from buying the vaccine. 相似文献
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为了确保社区卫生服务站对于儿童疫苗的安全储备量以及配给成本最低,运用存储论的经济订货批量模型对疫苗的配给进行了优化,根据基层卫生服务的宗旨,实现了特定概率下的疫苗供给,对大多数社区卫生服务站的疫苗或类似的基药配给有参考价值。 相似文献
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Clare D'Souza Suzanne Zyngier Priscilla Robinson Morgan Schlotterlein Gillian Sullivan-Mort 《非赢利和公共部门市场学杂志》2013,25(2):134-157
National health objectives are driven to increase participation rates. Individual health decisions are determined by attitudes, behavior, lifestyles, and government policies. This research, therefore, examined not just the development and delivery of a message targeting individual voluntary behavior change, but the intention of changes in social structures that will facilitate individuals reaching their potential; thus the purpose of this article is to shed light on the uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization using the health belief model (HBM). Research was conducted with the use of focus groups by drawing on the framework of the HBM. This research approach is conceptual by nature, based on the virtue of marketing promotion and on HBM literature. Though offering the vaccine free to the general public provides additional evidence to certain groups on the intention to act or uptake of the vaccine, awareness levels were found to be poor despite increased efforts by the government trying to promote this vaccine. There was evidence that social capital and trust can produce effective communication message strategies that reinforce social bonds. This article provides an interesting basis for further investigation; however, as implausible as it seems the article also contributes to the concept of perceived benefits and of self-efficacy. 相似文献
6.
Albert I. Ugochukwu Peter W. B. Phillips 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2019,63(4):814-840
The willingness to pay (WTP) approach is increasingly being used in different disciplines to assess peoples’ readiness to accept change. This paper assesses the potential for two subunit vaccines for the prevention and control of bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in cattle. A survey of beef and dairy farmers was conducted across Canada to identify factors that influence their WTP for subunit vaccines. Estimated results of the interval‐data model indicate that the size of a farmer’s cattle herd, neighbourhood effect, and buyer recommendations for vaccination significantly influence farmers’ WTP while veterinarians appear to be the most critical pathway for farmers to source information on new vaccine options. The mean willingness to pay amounts for both vaccines reveals that farmers are likely to use the vaccines if the costs are kept at reasonable level. 相似文献
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目前各级疾控中心的手工处理方式存在众多的弊端,在对疫苗冷链网络监测工作流程分析的基础上,构建疫苗网络监控系统的物理框架和系统结构,并且进行验证。该系统已经投放使用,效果良好。 相似文献
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目的分析口服轮状病毒活疫苗在社区防疫中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析在我社区就诊的轮状病毒性腹泻患儿128例,将其随机分成观察组和对照组,观察组口服轮状病毒活疫苗,对照组未口服轮状病毒活疫菌对于其它疫苗的接种两组均相同。随访半年,观察两组患儿的平均患病时间和发病情况等。结果观察组腹泻8例(12.5%),住院3例(4.7%),平均患病时间(4.2±1.2)天;对照组腹泻20例(31.3%),住院9例(14.1%),平均患病时间(7.6±2.1)天。两组患儿的结果均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论在预防儿童轮状病毒腹泻上,口服轮状病毒活疫苗具有良好的效果,建议在临床上推广使用,从而为临床治疗提供一定的依据。 相似文献
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主要讲述了中国疫苗冷藏链中的牛鞭效应,分析了疫苗冷藏链的基本构成及其特殊性,其牛鞭效应产生的原因以及引起的危害,最后提出了初步的解决方案。 相似文献