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1.
多品种小批量离散型生产企业面临的大量不确定因素会干扰其生产的连续性,其中,船舶生产由于其技术与管理特点在此类生产中具有典型性.本文将以船舶舾装生产为例,在保证设备负荷均衡及资源利用率的基础上,研究该环节的虚拟单元调度问题,以提高企业的生产效率.文章以最小运输距离为目标,在充分考虑瓶颈资源约束的基础上,构建周期驱动下分割计划期的数学模型,并以结合任务分配和时间约束的混合蚁群算法求解.通过在某船厂舾装环节的应用发现,本文所提方法能够有效降低当前舾装各作业的平均完成时间,具备可行性.  相似文献   
2.
In this paper we explore the dynamics of the introduction of New Systems and Structures of Work Organization (NSSWO) in the context of the forces impacting upon organizational change in the unionized sector of manufacturing industry throughout the Thatcher period. This we do by way of a detailed case study of a major UK auto-components manufacturer. We explore a number of changes in work organization, including the introduction of a cellular-based system of manufacturing, from its initial strategic conception through to its implementation; the delegation of responsibility for quality to shop-floor operators and the use of more flexible working practices. In doing so, we reconsider the context of change, the detailed processes of change and the pattern of accommodation between labour and management. Drawing upon our previous work on the nature of paternalism (Ackers,and Black, 1991), we explore its significance in terms of management’s constant drive for more economic work practices and patterns of organization. Specifically we explore the significance of paternalism as a relevant concept in interpreting the case, and hence, also, as a relevant concept in understanding HRM. The case challenges the prevailing ideology that the ‘successful’

economic organization requires (a) a de-regulated labour market and (b)

a trade union free environment, or, failing this, that management needs to

develop an individualistic approach towards the work-force, moving from the

more pluralist‘industrial relations’approach towards an essentially ‘unitarist framework, as found in certain interpretations of ‘uman resource management’(Guest, 1987)

The paper is thus a contribution to the continuing analysis of those ‘tensions and struggles through which the open ended potential of labour power have been managed, through shifting patterns of coercion, accommodation and compliance into profitable forms of production’(Elger and Smith, 1994: 12; Thompson, 1990). By means of this case we attempt to explore this issue with respect to three interconnected

themes:

The place of paternalism as a relevant concept in the age of HRM.

The extent to which organizations may be better advised to look towards ways

to build upon their existing organization culture, rather than seeking solutions

from overseas models.

Linking with previous work on the ‘Joint Process’in the US (Black and Ackers, 1994), the paper raises issues concerning the ‘strategic issue . . . which managers have to face . . . the balance between joint regulation and joint consultation’(Storey and Sissons, 1993: 221), and hence the role of trades unions in organizational change programmes.  相似文献   
3.
为了防止建设用地的肆意扩张,缓解经济和生态平衡之间的矛盾,为政府部门的前期规划工作提供更合理的借鉴。为此以大连市某区域为研究区,将地理加权回归的思想融入到元胞自动机中,实现了城市空间发展的模拟,并与二次logistic回归模型作了对比。结果表明,在土地利用格局与影响因素建模过程中,存在着不同程度的空间自相关性,并在空间结构上不是单一趋势分布的,体现着空间不稳定性。将地理加权回归和元胞自动机的结合,不仅体现了空间分异特征,而且模拟精度也有所提高。  相似文献   
4.
在多小区OFDMA系统中,基于集中式资源管理,考虑本小区对其它小区的干扰情况, 对各个小区的子载波和功率分配进行调整,从而达到最小化总功率的目的。基于离散功率取 值,提出了一个资源分配组合优化问题模型。为了进一步降低模型复杂度,采用罚函数的方 法简化问题模型,用改进的模拟退火算法进行求解。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与A. Abrar do 提出的多分配算法相比,所提出的算法能够有效降低算法复杂度,且能够获得更好的 吞吐量。  相似文献   
5.
基于生命机制概念的城市土地利用演化建模研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在城市土地利用演化的生态机制解析的基础上,阐述了城市土地利用演化的实质,即人为干预下的城市生态景观的自组织机制作用过程,提出了城市土地利用演化生命机制概念,构建了相应的城市土地利用演化CA模型,并以深圳特区为试验研究区域进行了实证研究。结果表明,建立基于生命机制的城市土地利用演化CA模型,进行城市土地利用演化的时空模拟与预测,具有重要的实践和应用价值。  相似文献   
6.
Stochastic uncoupled dynamics and Nash equilibrium   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
In this paper we consider dynamic processes, in repeated games, that are subject to the natural informational restriction of uncoupledness. We study the almost sure convergence of play (the period-by-period behavior as well as the long-run frequency) to Nash equilibria of the one-shot stage game, and present a number of possibility and impossibility results. Basically, we show that if in addition to random experimentation some recall, or memory, is introduced, then successful search procedures that are uncoupled can be devised. In particular, to get almost sure convergence to pure Nash equilibria when these exist, it suffices to recall the last two periods of play.  相似文献   
7.
研究目的:探索土地利用的多地类CA模拟方法,并掌握城市边缘区土地利用变化规律。研究方法:选取典型城市边缘区 —— 广州市花都区为研究区域,利用C#语言结合ArcEngine GIS平台编程进行花都区土地利用演变CA模拟研究。以不同时间研究区土地利用图为基础数据,比较研究期内各地类的变化数量与方向以确定地类转换之间的优先级,并确定各地类的转换概率阈值。然后利用蒙特卡罗方法结合控制因素进行判断,最终确定元胞的转化状态。研究结果:模拟结果表明,2000 — 2005年间,新增建设用地分布在除北部山区以外的所有区域,但主要集中在城市中心区域,农用地主要分布在西南部和东北部,而且破碎化程度越来越高。在流向上,仍然有不少数量的农用地(主要为耕地和林地)转向建设用地。与实际情况相比,模拟的数量精度为84.8%,位置精度为71.3%。研究结论:研究结果表明此方法便于理解与操作,同时模拟精度较高。  相似文献   
8.
李立  李红  李彦 《科技和产业》2017,(11):103-107
元胞自动机模型是通过局部的相互作用及变化来模拟全局的变化,是复杂结构来源于简单系统的重要体现。元胞自动机模型的核心是转换规则的获取,获取转换规则的方法有多种。建立一种基于改进C5.0决策树的元胞自动机模型,基于属性值的相似性对C5.0决策树算法进行改进,以期提高元胞自动机的模拟精度,该模型适用于多种复杂系统的模拟问题研究。最后以土地利用问题为例演示了模型的应用。  相似文献   
9.
The main objective of this article is to develop a Cellular Automaton Model in which more than one type of stockbroker interact, and where the use and exchange of information between investors describe the complexity measured through the estimation of the Hurst exponent. This exponent represents an efficient or random market when it has a value equal to 0.5. Thanks to the various proposals, it can be determined in this investigation that a rational component must exist in the simulator in order to generate an efficient behavior.  相似文献   
10.
Enplaning and deplaning processes are two main activities that passengers experience in an airplane. They are also the main factors contributing to the airplane turn time. Thus, both processes need to be carefully considered when designing a new strategy. The main contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we propose a symmetrical design of deplaning strategies to match three typical grouped enplaning strategies (back-to-front, windows-to-aisle and reverse pyramid), in which the groups are organized in a LIFO (Last In First Out) manner. Secondly, we present an integrated cellular automaton model to describe the dynamic characteristics of passengers in the enplaning and deplaning processes. Numerical evaluation results indicate that the proposed windows-to-aisle and reverse pyramid strategies perform better in the following aspects: (i) the total operation time decreases; (ii) the two strategies are less sensitive to the load condition, e.g., luggage distribution and cabin occupancy rate; (iii) passengers’ satisfaction is enhanced since both individual waiting time and processing time lower down; (iv) the two strategies are fairer for the passengers since the difference among the groups remarkably shrinks.  相似文献   
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