Embedded Enclaves: Cultural Mimicry and Urban Social Exclusion in Iran

This article argues that symbolic boundaries and their spatial manifestation into embedded enclaves have become new forms of urban social exclusion. Based on participant observation and interviews among lower‐ and middle‐/upper‐class residents in the city of Sari, Iran, the article analyzes how the poor's physical circulations in the city and their performances of class and status have led to an elite backlash, as the latter find more refined markers of social separation in an effort to bolster their own exclusivity. Social distancing through the denigration of the poor and the construction of embedded enclaves brings to the fore the class tensions that are temporarily masked by the urban poor's spatial practices and cultural mimicry. As an advanced form of codified status inequality, embedded enclaves rely on the poor's citywide circulations and on increasing inter‐class interactions in order to communicate difference. Embedded—rather than cordoned off—in prominent areas of the city, such enclaves function as a reminder to the poor of all they cannot have. The upsurge of such establishments in the wake of Iran's shifting economic environment represents an attempt to shore up social position and restore the status quo.     

内涵服务与中国制造业分工地位提升：出口增加值视角*

作为重要的中间品，服务投入已经成为影响制造业分工地位的重要因素。基于出口增加值视角，本文利用WIOD数据库测算并考察了内涵服务对中国制造业分工地位的影响。结果表明：（1）尽管中国制造业出口增加值中内涵服务总额处于增长态势，但占比在金融危机以后出现了下降，且大大低于德国、日本等制造业强国，要素投入服务化趋势还没有充分显现；（2）内涵服务占比上升在总体上有利于中国制造业分工地位提高，且主要是通过内涵本国服务发挥作用；（3）进一步细分研究发现，中间产品内涵服务和来源于OECD国家的内涵服务对中国制造业分工地位提升作用更为显著。内涵服务占比较低是“中国制造”长期处于全球价值链中低端的重要原因。未来需要加快国内服务业改革开放和高端服务“引进来”，为制造业向中高端攀升提供强有力的支持。     

A generalized algorithm for duration and convexity of option embedded bonds

This article derives a generalized algorithm for duration and convexity of option embedded bonds that provides a convenient way of estimating the dollar value of 1 basis point change in yield known as DV01, an important metric in the bond market. As delta approaches 1, duration of callable bonds approaches zero once the bond is called. However, when the delta is zero, the short call is worthless and duration of callable will be equal to that of a straight bond. On the other hand, the convexity of a callable bond follows the same behaviour when the delta is 1 as shown in Dunetz and Mahoney (1988) as well as in Mehran and Homaifar’s (1993) derivations. However, in the case when delta is zero, the convexity of a callable bond approaches zero as well, which is in stark contrast to the non-zero convexity derived in Dunetz and Mahoney’s paper. Our generalized algorithm shows that duration and convexity nearly symmetrically underestimate (overestimate) the actual price change by 11/10 basis points for ± 100 basis points change in yield. Furthermore, our algorithm reduces to that of MH for convertible bonds assuming the convertible bond is not callable.     

一种基于VxWorks的高实时性软件架构设计

重点描述基于VxWorks操作系统的高实时性嵌入式应用的架构设计,以及用于TDMA领域的移动通信机软件的开发.使用这种设计手段可实现在多任务条件下嵌入式软件的高实时性与稳定性等性能,对实时性要求高的软件设计师会有一定的参考价值.     

大断面煤层沿空巷内支护加固技术研究

地下岩体在开采之前,由于自重和构造所引起的应力是处于平衡状态的,当掘巷道或者进行回采工作时,就破坏了原来应力的平衡状态,使岩体内部应力重新分布,具体表现在巷体周围的煤、岩体产生移动、变形,直到煤和岩体内部形成新的应力平衡状态为止。在煤的开掘过程中,由于采掘活动引起巷道围岩应力集中和重新分配,为了防止围岩变形遭到破坏,需要对围岩进行支护和加固。本文就大断面煤层沿空巷内支护加固技术进行研究,以便为煤矿在开采过程中积累一些技术和经验。     

信号级协同计算平台架构及应用思考

针对智能化作战对军事电子信息系统计算能力提升的迫切需求，结合云计算的资源虚拟化、大数据的分布式计算等技术，提出了基于嵌入式CPU+ALL（DSP、FPGA、PPC、GPU、AI处理器等）的异构处理的信号级协同计算平台架构，包括弹性、轻量级异构资源虚拟化模型、分布式实时计算框架和智能计算框架等，形成了一套架构统一、资源共用、使用简便的协同计算和智能计算环境。通过战术级无线电认知和智能信号与信息处理两个典型应用场景，探讨了该信号级协同计算平台可能带来的颠覆性效用。     

Regional disparity of embedded carbon footprint and its sources in China: a consumption perspective

Carbon emission reduction could be achieved through extensive cooperation between relevant groups such as businesses, governments and consumers. Generally, carbon emissions stem from consumer behaviour. To tackle the increasingly serious energy crisis and climate change in China, it is thus vital to control carbon emissions generated by the country's urban consumers. From a consumption perspective, we utilize a self-organizing feature map model to analyse the spatial differentiation of per capita embedded carbon footprint (ECF) in urban China. We found that the spatial differentiation is significant with the per capita ECF of the east coastal area at a high level and that per capita disposable income is the key factor affecting ECF. Based on these findings, potential business opportunities to develop low-carbon products are discussed.     

Revealing travel patterns and city structure with taxi trip data

Delineating travel patterns and city structure has long been a core research topic in transport geography. Different from the physical structure, the city structure beneath the complex travel-flow system shows the inherent connection patterns within the city. On the basis of taxi-trip data from Shanghai, we built spatially embedded networks to model intra-city spatial interactions and to introduce network science methods into the analysis. The community detection method is applied to reveal sub-regional structures, and several network measures are used to examine the properties of sub-regions. Considering the differences between long- and short-distance trips, we reveal a two-level hierarchical polycentric city structure in Shanghai. Further explorations of sub-network structures demonstrate that urban sub-regions have broader internal spatial interactions, while suburban centers are more influential on local traffic. By incorporating the land use of centers from a travel-pattern perspective, we investigate sub-region formation and the interaction patterns of center–local places. This study provides insights into using emerging data sources to reveal travel patterns and city structures, which could potentially aid in developing and applying urban transportation policies. The sub-regional structures revealed in this study are more easily interpreted for transportation-related issues than for other structures, such as administrative divisions.     

提高关口电能计量装置准确度技术分析

随着电力体制的改革和电力工业的发展,发电企业用于结算电量的电能表由发电机前移至主变出口最终前移至线路出口关口电能表,就要求关口电能计量装置的准确度愈来愈高。本文针对大唐珲春发电厂220千伏系统二期关口电能计量装置误差产生的原因进行分析,发现影响关口电能表准确度的各项因素,制定解决方案逐步进行实施,消除这些不利因素对关口电能表的影响,提高关口电能计量装置准确度,希望能起到借鉴作用。     

基于触摸式一体机的仪表综合试验台设计

文章从硬件设计和软件开发两方面描述了触摸式一体机仪表综合试验台的研发。通过基于Windows CE操作系统下的控制平台,实现了仪器仪表测量数据的自动保存及打印功能。