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排序方式: 共有1305条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
With sluggish external demand and increasing trade protectionism by the USA and the European Union, China is facing severe challenges in implementing its deeper, ongoing reforms. To respond actively to such challenges, the Communist Party of China's 19th National Congress proposed to “promote a new pattern of all‐round opening up.” In particular, the establishment of free trade ports is considered an important means to realize deeper integration with the world economy. This paper discusses the background, the motivation, the possible challenges as well as a feasible path for the successful implementation of free trade ports in China. Based on the international experience, the construction of free trade ports in China requires freer trade in goods, high mobility of talent and free capital flow.  相似文献   
2.
Abstract

This article surveys the changing role of fraud (dishonest and immoral commercial practices) in public justifications for corporate management of overseas trade in England across the seventeenth century. It argues that the perceived likelihood of fraud in international commercial settings played a critical role in public justifications for trading corporations at the beginning of the seventeenth century. The article suggests that these justifications were challenged from the 1690s. It explores three aspects of this challenge: first, the ways in which agents of the East India Company convinced the Company to liberate private trade (an activity previously defined as fraudulent by the Company and the Courts); second, the arguments from the 1680s that depicted the joint-stock corporation as an unaccountable, soulless entity whose claim to public trust looked less credible; third, how decades of accumulated experience of international trading contexts (and interactions with non-European merchants) prompted pamphleteers to promote the possibility (and reality) of unregulated trade in those settings. All three helped to erode the former association between private individual trade in international contexts as likely to encourage dishonesty, immorality, and fraud. This change therefore led to the corporate body itself becoming a possible vehicle for fraud rather than the individual international merchant (who the corporation was meant originally to regulate). The article analyses public deliberations about fraud and corporations to make interventions in the history of economic thought, the history of trading companies, and the history of economic crime (and especially its rhetorical role in debates about the regulation of trade).  相似文献   
3.
通过文献综述,得出了团队跨边界活动对团队有效性有着倒U型的影响作用这一结论。同时,在团队学习理论和社会网络理论的基础上,对上述作用的内部机制进行研究探索,并从团队和个体两个层面分析相关的影响因素。最后,从企业管理实践的角度出发,基于研究结果提出几点思考和意见。  相似文献   
4.
Retailers often use the promotion strategy of offering supplementary products (e.g., free gift, bundle) to attract consumers and increase sales. Despite the growing literature on the promotions that are differently framed but offer economically identical values, little research has examined the link between promotion framing and consumer product returns. The current article sheds light on this relationship, hypothesizing that a free gift promotion would be superior to a bundle promotion in reducing consumer product returns. The findings suggest that a gift‐framed promotion leads to a lower product return intention than an economically equivalent bundle promotion, because consumers tend to perceive more loss from giving up the gift‐framed (vs. bundle‐framed) deal. Further, this study examines a moderating role of brand familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar) and shows that the merits of free gift framing on product return intention via perceived loss are amplified (attenuated) when the promoted brand is familiar (unfamiliar). Overall, the investigations of this study imply that it is better to frame a promotion as a “free gift” than a “bundle” to increase perceived loss in returning the purchase and thus to decrease consumer product returns. This strategic intervention works especially when the gift is offered by familiar brands.  相似文献   
5.
This paper endogenizes the number of firms in an industry with positive network effects, complete incompatibility, and firms that compete in quantity. To this end, we compare two possibilities: free entry and second‐best number of firms (the one that maximizes social welfare). We show that with business‐stealing competition, free entry yields, in general, more firms than the socially optimal solution. In addition, we find that by the nature of the industry with firm‐specific networks, total production may be greater or lower under free entry than with a regulator; moreover, some industries attain their maximum social welfare with a monopoly.  相似文献   
6.
Developing countries today have become more active participants in regional trade agreements. This raises questions about how the benefits of integration are distributed, and the extent to which lower‐income countries are able to capture development gains. Historically, such impacts have been difficult to identify with precision. This paper seeks to address this gap by empirically analysing the impact of regional integration on development, particularly the effects on growth and welfare. Using both bilateral and regional integration measures, we show that the ability to capture gains from integration varies across developing country regional groups, with developing Asia benefiting on par with developed countries. The findings in the paper indicate that trade and trade policy play an important role in reducing inequality and poverty in developing countries. It also shows that regionalism can function as a channel to make multilateralism a more adept way of addressing national challenges.  相似文献   
7.
Using a standard 2 × 2 trade agreement model, I show that the welfare effects of a free trade agreement (FTA) depend on the asymmetry on supply and demand functions. When countries are sufficiently asymmetric with respect to the size or the demand functions, the small country tends to be better off, while the large country is worse off. Thus, the small country must compensate the large country for the FTA to be incentive‐compatible. However, in the presence of sufficient asymmetry in the supply functions, the small country is worse off, while the bigger is better off. In this case, the transfer must flow from the large to the small country. This last finding helps explain why some FTAs between rich and poor countries provide for adjustment transfers to the latter.  相似文献   
8.
自由贸易港是目前全球开放水平最高的自由贸易区,内陆自由贸易试验区应向内陆自由贸易港升级。中国内陆自由贸易港应具有“自由贸易园区”“试验区”和“内陆港”的属性,需要构建多式联运的国际通道体系及其高效运营机制,形成内陆港协同开放体系,整合和拓展开放型经济功能区,打造营商环境最为便利和开放水平最高的内陆开放平台,“内陆枢纽港→内陆开放经济高地→内陆改革开放示范区→内陆自由贸易港”是其可行的建设路径。当前中国内陆自由贸易试验区整体处于从内陆枢纽港向内陆开放经济高地发展的初期阶段,要着力建成以国际陆上大通道为核心的对外综合交通物流网络,持续创新海关监管协同机制,重点突破开放型经济功能区的建设瓶颈,不断探索以陆上国际贸易规则为核心的制度创新。  相似文献   
9.
制定海南自由贸易港法在我国立法史上是全新的创举,彰显了中国坚定不移对外开放的决心和信心。草案赋予了海南省人大及其常委会就贸易、投资及相关管理活动制定法规的权力,这是创新性的授权立法。草案需要增加对自由贸易港的定义,以法律明确海南自由贸易港是最高开放形态的定位。在框架结构上需借鉴通行国际经贸规则,调整数字贸易条款和金融服务条款的内容。在管理职权、清单制定的主动权等方面,要遵循充分赋予海南改革自主权原则,通过法律方式将行政许可权下放给海南。在税费征收问题上,明确税费的底线与上限,给市场主体以明确的预期。同时增加评估条款,将行之有效的对海南自由贸易港建设进行评估的做法予以制度固化。通过对草案的这些修改,以期未来通过的海南自由贸易港法更为完善。  相似文献   
10.
Abstract

Development strategies followed by many countries in the 20th century bestowed a relevant role to the State. During the 1970s, it all reversed, and free markets became paramount to efficiency. F. von Hayek and the Mount Pelerin Society led the way to eliminate the State as a significant economic player, while P.T. Bauer extended such ideas to development economics, which would eventually give way to the Washington Consensus. Beyond actual results of such policies, it is surprising to see the appeal of Bauer’s theoretical approach, considering that it is constructed disregarding both empirical evidence, as well as the abundant discussion on development that was taking place contemporarily. This article explores the theoretical process of such reversal in development economics theory.  相似文献   
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