Multimarket Contact and Rivalry over Knowledge‐based Resources

Research summary: Research shows that multimarket contact (MMC ) reduces rivalry involving downstream activities. Yet, studies showing that MMC can increase the threat of imitation suggest a need to better understand how MMC affects upstream rivalry over knowledge‐based resources. In this study, we argue that MMC increases rivalry over knowledge‐based resources since the deterrent threat of retaliation that typically leads to mutual forbearance in downstream activities will not be sufficient to restrain firms from protecting their knowledge from imitation in upstream activities. In support of these arguments we find that MMC increases the likelihood that a firm initiates patent litigation against a rival. This study suggests the relationship between MMC and rivalry may depend on the competitive domain and the type of resources over which firms are competing . Managerial Summary: How does market overlap or MMC affect rivalry between two competitors? Prior studies have largely found that an increase in market overlap decreases rivalry in less knowledge‐intensive context because of the deterrent threat of retaliation. However, in this paper, we argue that an increase in market overlap may not reduce rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive context because of heterogeneity in capabilities to protect knowledge. We find that a firm is more likely to initiate patent litigation against a rival as market overlap increases. Our findings suggest that the incentive to protect value across multiple product markets may surpass the motivation to cooperate with rivals and that managers should have a more nuanced view of how market overlap with competitors affects rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive contexts . Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅析工程资料在建筑工程预结算中的作用

编制工程预结算中一个重要的依据来源就是工程资料,它直接影响着此项编制工作的质量。文章对工程资料包含的几个方面进行分析,探讨了工程资料的重要性以及编制要求,供相关工程技术人员参考。     

Instrumental client relationship development among top-ranking service professionals

Informal client contact forms a crucial part of the daily routine of service professionals, in particular among top-ranking professionals working for consultancy and accountancy firms. In this paper, we investigate how 34 service professionals develop informal client contact, by studying their networking styles. Our study shows many similarities in informal client contact between two groups of service professionals grouped by gender, but we also found subtle differences in what we coin instrumental and expressive relations. Contrary to gender stereotypes, we found that female service professionals tended toward instrumental networking styles, using professionalism and distance and allowing the high quality of their work compensate for network deficits, contingent upon their clients’ gender. Male service professionals drew on expressive relations to develop emotional bonding with their male clients in particular, but nonetheless toward instrumental purposes. Our study contributes to service industries literature by theoretically and empirically establishing the different informal networking styles between top-ranking service professionals, and the role of emotional bonding in particular. In doing so, the paper helps to better understand the intricacies of informal client contact as a critical dimension of the professional services industry.     

韩贞与李春芳之交谊考

韩贞是泰州学派平民弟子,以制陶为业,李春芳是中国历史上为数不多的状元宰相,两人早年曾一同求学于王艮。他们两人不仅感情很深,而且经常一起探讨一些学术问题。李春芳为官清廉,关心民苦,以及后来辞官归隐,都受了韩贞一定的影响;韩贞坚持在乡村以教化民,普做善事也受到了李春芳的鼓舞与支持。     

农村受众大众媒介接触与利用研究——以井冈山区域为例

中国发展的关键在于农村的发展,"三农"问题业已成为社会焦点.信息化时代下媒介对社会生活的渗透涉及方方面面,媒介在完善自我、促进农村及整个社会的发展进程中起着助推器的作用.运用实证研究方法,选择井冈山区域农村作为研究对象,考察农村受众与媒介的接触行为、内容及其偏好,探讨大众传媒在农村的传播现状及其利用程度,以优化传播效果.     

掺硅二氧化钛复合薄膜超亲水性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在普通载玻片上制备TiO2-SiO2复合薄膜,文章研究了SiO2添加量对润湿角的影响。结果表明:通过在TiO2薄膜中加入SiO2,能显著降低薄膜的润湿角,超亲水性状态可以保持很长时间;当SiO2添加量为30%时,在紫外光照1h,薄膜的润湿角接近0°,光催化活性最佳。     

接触氧化-二氧化氯消毒工艺处理医院污水

医院污水排放量不均衡,污水中含有大量的病原性微生物及有毒、有害的物理、化学污染物。采用接触氧化-二氧化氯消毒处理工艺后,污水可以达到广东省地方标准《水污染物排放限值》(DB44/26-2001)中二类污染物第二时段一级排放标准。文章介绍了接触氧化-二氧化氯消毒处理工艺的工艺流程、主要设施与设备、处理效果及处理成本,总结了工程特点。     

圆柱滚子轴承有限元分析

接触问题是一种典型的边界条件非线性问题。在分析接触问题时,使用Abaqus/standard模块,能正确模拟接触的过程,判断接触状态、输出接触压力。通过对圆柱滚子轴承在Pro/E中建立三维模型,然后导入ABAQUS软件进行接触分析,得出滚子与内、外圈之间接触应力的分布情况,和理论分析能很好地吻合,对轴承的选型具有指导意义。     

河南农村受众广告接触行为对其消费观念的影响分析

本文以豫南C乡的农村受众为研究对象展开问卷调查，主要考察了农村受众广告接触频度、接触时间、种类偏好及广告媒介信任度对其消费观念的影响。研究发现，农村受众的广告媒介接触行为影响其消费观念，但具体到广告媒介接触的指标不同则影响不同，其中农村受众广告媒介接触时间压种类偏好显著影响其消费观念。     

工科院校大学生人际交往能力的调查研究

相当一部分工科院校学生缺乏人际交往的锻炼机会,表现出各种各样的人际关系方面的问题。应加强人文素质教育和心理健康教育,加强人际交流方向的指导和训练。