Designing a Model for Competitiveness Measurement of Selected Tourism Destinations of Iran (The Model and Rankings)

Destination competitiveness is the ability to sustain or improve market position and market share of a destination over a period of time. Different markets have different expectations which increase the importance of features a destination should provide in order to achieve competitive advantage. The results of this study show that the domestic model of Iran’s destinations competitiveness comprises 9 major indices. These indices are made of 64 variables which have been derived from literature reviews and qualitative surveys. The results of running the model for all selected destinations are consistent with the destinations’ tourist statistics except for one destination (Qom).     

Fiscal and monetary interdependence

Where classical economics integrates the quantity theory of money with the concept of Ricardian equivalence, the tendency of recent macroeconomic presentations is to focus either upon money and inflation or upon taxation and debt. That neglect of classical monetary–fiscal integration is surprising, given an initiative by the International Monetary Fund that set credit, money, and fiscal policy within a single structure. This article places those ‘credit counterparts of broad money’ in the context of the Great Depression and the recent global financial crisis. The upshot is a set of conclusions: that, to counter the prospect of deflation, quantitative easing is a weak policy response; that fiscal deficits are better; and that cuts in taxation are preferable to increased government spending.     

Official Demand for U.S. Debt: Implications for U.S. Real Rates

We estimate a structural term-structure model of U.S. real rates, where arbitrageurs accommodate demand pressures exerted by domestic and foreign official investors. Official demand affects rates by altering the aggregate price of duration risk, and thereby bond risk premiums. Although foreign central banks' demand contributed to reduce long-term real rates mainly in the years prior to the global-financial crisis, the Federal Reserve's demand lowered rates during the quantitative easing period. Overall, the two-factor model, augmented to account for changing liquidity conditions, offers a good representation of real rates during the 2001–16 period; however, we flag some caveats and possible extensions.     

我国绿色创新研究的知识图谱可视化分析

低碳经济背景下,绿色创新作为缓解经济增长过程中资源环境约束问题的重要举措,受到学术界广泛关注。以中国知网收录的绿色创新核心文献为样本,综合运用CiteSpace、SATI、Excel等计量可视化工具绘制知识图谱,对国内绿色创新研究领域的文献年代分布、发文作者、科研机构、关键词以及突现词等进行分析。分析结果表明:我国绿色创新研究大致经历了三个阶段,分别是探索期(1994—2009年)、初步发展期(2010—2015年)、繁荣期(2016—2019年);研究热点主要集中在基础理论与相关概念研究、影响因素与激励机制研究、效率测度与评价体系构建研究三个层面;未来的研究趋势则是朝着绿色金融、环境规制、绿色创新效率、绿色全要素生产率等方向发展。通过对现有文献进行梳理、总结,揭示当前研究进展及演变趋势,为后续开展相关研究提供参考。     

模糊决策法在物流供应商选择中的运用

基于物流供应商在选择过程中所包含大量不确定和模糊因素,选择影响供应商选择的指标体系,运用模糊决策理论和方法,建立关于供应商选择的模糊决策模型,为合理选择供应商提供了一种量化方法。     

西藏国内贸易与本地经济增长关系的计量分析

基于2006～2015年时间序列数据,利用计量经济统计方法,考察了西藏国内贸易与本地经济增长之间的关系。经研究发现,西藏国内贸易与本地经济增长的关系是长期均衡的发展关系,且西藏国内贸易是本地经济增长的原因;同时,在影响西藏经济增长的三大需求中,国内贸易的占比最大,由此说明,在促进西藏经济增长的"三驾马车"中,消费比投资、净出口更为显著。     

The Effectiveness of Unconventional Monetary Policy in Japan

Since the global financial crisis of 2007–2008, central bankers around the world have been forced to abandon conventional monetary policy tools in favor of unconventional policies such as quantitative easing, forward guidance, and even lowering the interest rate paid on bank reserves into negative territory. Japan, which faced a crisis in its banking sector and came up against the theoretical zero lower bound on interest rates nearly a decade earlier, was a pioneer in the use of many of these unconventional policy tools. This article analyzes the effectiveness of Japan’s bold experiment with unconventional monetary policy. Using a panel of bi-annual bank data covering the full universe of Japanese commercial banks over a fifteen-year period, this study analyzes the effectiveness of quantitative easing policy on the bank lending channel of monetary policy transmission. Our findings suggest that Japan’s unconventional monetary policy worked: there is a bank lending channel of monetary policy transmission in Japan. These results are robust to the inclusion of time fixed effects and generalized method of moments analysis.     

基于LCA的城市绿地管养对环境影响的量化方法探讨

城市绿地是重要的绿色基础设施。城市绿地要实现设计目标,保持长久的景观效果离不开持续不断地养护管理,同时管养工作又会带来物资消耗和废弃物排放,对环境造成负面影响。基于生命周期评价方法(LCA),以资源能源消耗和气候变暖潜值作为对环境影响的主要因子,将城市绿地划分为乔木、灌木、地被和草坪层,建立了管养对环境影响的量化模型。以郑州市郑东新区绿地为研究对象,选取34个植物群落(20m×20m)为样本进行了验证,计算得到各植物层管养资源能源消耗和气候变暖潜值特征量以及管养工作标准化加权环境影响指数。结果表明,乔木的管养环境影响指数最低,比群落均值低32%;施肥和垃圾清运是环境影响的主要因素,占群落管养环境影响指数均值的75%以上;与农林业相比,城市绿地管养环境影响指数处中低水平,但资源能源消耗因子的影响指数偏高。基于LCA方法的研究结果可以为城市绿地设计和精细化管理提供量化参考。     

基于图像分析光学伪装效果的定量评价系统

针对传统的伪装效果评价容易受到试验条件、时间、经费等多方面限制的问题,提出了一种基于图像定量评价光学伪装效果的方法。利用AHP对颜色和形状进行权重的分析,得出颜色和形状的权重系数W1和W2,通过颜色评价系数对伪装图案与背景的图像颜色相似度进行定量评价,利用横纵比差值来对伪装图案与背景的图像形状相似度进行评价,最终得出基于图像分析光学伪装评价效果的定量评价系统。实验结果表明,该评价系统可实现对伪装图案与背景的颜色和形状相似程度的定量评价。