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1.
We show that highly liquid Exchange‐Traded Funds (ETFs), especially those that are more liquid than their underlying basket of securities (i.e., positive relative liquidity), are particularly attractive to investors. Using three definitions of liquidity, we find that relative liquidity predicts net fund flows, as well as inflows and outflows positively and significantly. We further document a liquidity clientele among institutional investors: (i) relative liquidity is significantly more important for short‐ than for long‐term investors; and (ii) relative liquidity is inversely related to investors’ average holding duration in the ETFs. These two findings provide evidence that relative liquidity encourages short‐term demand.  相似文献   
2.
Research Summary: Combining studies on real options theory and economic short‐termism, we propose that, depending on CEOs’ career horizons, CEOs have heterogeneous interests in strategic flexibility, and thus, have different incentives to make real options investments. We argue that compared to CEOs with longer career horizons, CEOs with shorter career horizons will be less inclined to make real options investments because they may not fully reap the rewards during their tenure. In addition, we argue that long‐term incentives and institutional ownership will mitigate the relationship between CEOs’ career horizons and real options investments. U.S. public firms as an empirical setting produced consistent evidence for our predictions. Our study is the first to theoretically explain and empirically show that a CEO's self‐seeking behavior will impact real options investments. Managerial Summary: This article helps to explain how a CEO's self seeking‐behavior may shape a firm's real option investment, which could result in different level of strategic flexibility. We argue that CEOs with short career horizons have less time to exercise their firms’ real options, which should lower the investments in the firms’ real options portfolios relative to CEOs with long career horizons. We study a sample of U.S. public firms and find strong evidence that a CEO's expected tenure in the firm is positively related to the real options investments at the firm level. We find that this agency issue can be mitigated by adopting appropriate corporate governance mechanisms such as long‐term incentives and institutional investors.  相似文献   
3.
本文界定了金融“脱实向虚”的内涵,设计了研判金融“脱实向虚”的挂钩变量和标准。本文以1990—2019年78个国家为样本的实证研究显示:2012年我国金融出现“脱实向虚”,2012—2014年处于低度“脱实向虚”状态,2015—2018年出现了中度“脱实向虚”,2019年又回落到低度“脱实向虚”,但未来5年金融杠杆会回升。这意味着未来经济运行仍将面临高杠杆带来的系统性金融风险,以及金融杠杆波动性不断加剧给经济增长带来更大的负面冲击。宏观调控的政策取向和首要任务仍是“降杠杆”和“稳增长”。针对该形势,本文提出:一是亟须建立金融“脱实向虚”的审慎监管机制,将金融杠杆作为金融“脱实向虚”的审慎监管政策工具,将均衡金融杠杆作为研判金融“脱实向虚”的标准,前瞻性地引导金融回归服务实体经济的本位职能。二是改革现有存款基准利率的“双轨制”,实施货币政策“锁短放长”的创新性操作来消除导致金融“脱实向虚”的政策诱因。  相似文献   
4.
We investigate the predictability of several range‐based stock volatility estimates and compare them with the standard close‐to‐close estimate, which is most commonly acknowledged as the volatility. The patterns of volatility changes are analysed using long short‐term memory recurrent neural networks, which are a state‐of‐the‐art method of sequence learning. We implement the analysis on all current constituents of the Dow Jones Industrial Average index and report averaged evaluation results. We find that the direction of changes in the values of range‐based estimates are more predictable than that of the estimate from daily closing values only.  相似文献   
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Modern heterodox theories of money reject the neoclassical conception of money as primarily a medium to facilitate exchange. These heterodox theories of money all have as common starting point an analysis of credit-debt relations in which production is a central feature, with these economies organized along capitalistic design. The Keynesian-Marxian framework describing the process of monetary circulation, traditionally referred to as the theory of the monetary circuit (TMC), perhaps best represents this comprehensive vision. This broad TMC analytical framework is compatible with institutionalist theories of money that also point to the importance of credit-debt relations. The question, however, is whether this more unified heterodox theory of money, which describes sequentially monetary relations under capitalism, can be used to understand pre-capitalistic monetary institutions. By conceptualizing money as a means of payment rather than medium of exchange, Karl Polanyi’s analysis offers social scientists crucial insights to understanding monetary relations in all types of societies in which credit-debt relations have emerged historically.  相似文献   
7.
为实现大规模集成电路中的"自动布线问题",首先针对单层平面内通道自动布线问题使用A*算法,发现上下引脚连接线路发生路径冲突时,单通道自动布线问题无解.对多层数电路通道自动布线使用Floyd算法建模,分别对每层线路进行优化.构建基于遗传算法的A*目标函数最优化自动布线模型,来解决三维空间结构优化、系统整体布线距离优化以及金属线与通孔寄生电阻最小化问题.之后使用样本测例对建立的模型进行验证,提出新的解决路线.  相似文献   
8.
This article develops theory about an agency problem affecting the strategic human capital (SHC) of the firm. It proposes three categories of SHC‐related choices managers must make that imply a trade‐off between near‐ and long‐term performance. Dispersed shareholding, firm coverage by securities analysts, and their practice of publishing quarterly earnings forecasts are argued to entail a bias in management incentives, shifting the balance in this trade‐off toward near‐term performance. To restore the balance, securities analysts would need to distinguish transitory from recurring effects of SHC‐related choices in their valuation models (e.g., treating certain labor cost savings during cyclical downturns as transitory). Restoring the balance would also require them to anticipate long‐term effects in their long‐term earnings forecasts (e.g., long‐term positive effects of retaining employees with valuable skills during cyclical downturns). The article discusses specific transitory cost effects and long‐term effects they could potentially take into account. The skills and incentives needed by analysts to account for such effects are argued to vary across firm segments.  相似文献   
9.
射频功率放大器的特性会随信道切换、环境温度、工作状态等多种因素发生变化,为了保证功率放大器的优良工作特性,具有自适应性能的预失真系统就显得非常重要。提出了一种自适应反馈检测方法,以减小放大器输出信号的幅度失真和相位失真作为系统自适应的优化目标,〖JP2〗采用多方向搜索优化算法对预失真系统进行优化调整,使系统始终处于最优工作状态。研制了工作于Ka频段10 W自适应射频预失真线性化固态功放原理样机,当工作温度为-40℃~+60℃时,在3 GHz的工作带宽内,三阶交调指标优于-32 dBc。测试结果表明该功放具有工作频带宽、温度适应性广等特点。  相似文献   
10.
水分检测是粮食收购、存储、运输和加工等过程中的一个重要环节.根据电容的电特性受介质影响的原理,提出一种以ATmega128单片机为控制核心,基于555集成电路的粮食水分检测方法.该系统将粮食水分检测传感器置于粮食的入料、出料口处,不同水分含量的粮食导致传感器输出的电容量发生变化,经过信号采集、频率转换和程序处理,最终完成粮食水分的检测.实验结果表明,该方法软硬件实现较为容易,具有较高的准确性.  相似文献   
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