习近平治水理念研究

[目的]总结习近平治水理念,为指导水利绿色发展提供指南。[方法]以习近平讲话和出版的论述为基础材料,开展系统的综合分析。[结果]习近平治水理念主要包括:水利为民、系统治水、生态优先、科学先行、节水优先、空间均衡、两手发力、久久为功辩证思维和国家安全。[结论]习近平治水理念是立足于中国国情水情富有创新性的水利理论概括和经验总结,是指导新时代中国水利工作的指南,是水利绿色发展的科学世界观和方法论,可为世界水利发展提供中国智慧。     

Producing Localized Commodity Frontiers at the End of Cheap Nature: An Analysis of Eco‐scalar Carbon Fixes and their Consequences

There is no single ‘great’ commodity frontier whose exploitation under current socio‐technical conditions could fuel capital accumulation at the global scale. According to Jason Moore, this represents the ‘end of Cheap Nature’ and signals a terminal crisis for capitalism as we know it. In this article we complicate this assertion by showing how, in the context of global environmental governance frameworks of carbon control, a diverse range of actors situated at multiple scales are intensifying the use of cities and their hinterlands for the production/transgression of localized commodity frontiers. We draw on scholarship on uneven geographical development, state‐led restructuring and eco‐scalar fixes to present two case studies from different segments of the carbon cycle in the global South. The first case demonstrates how the introduction of waste‐to‐energy technology in Delhi facilitated the generation of ‘carbon credits’ while waste matter itself became a commodity. The second discusses attempts by the Brazilian state of Amazonas (Amazônia) aspiring to shift from rainforest exploitation to financialized conservation supported by the ‘green global city’ functions of metropolitan Manaus. These cases demonstrate that although the global carbon‐control regime may enable accumulation, implementation remains speculative, and localized commodity frontiers provoke social resistances that jeopardize their durability.     

湖南省农业生态与农业经济耦合性测度

[目的]考察湖南省近9年来农业生态与农业经济系统耦合发展现状,探究二者发展过程中的规律,以期找出二者协调发展模式,并为湖南省农业生态环境保护、农业经济发展提供决策依据。[方法]运用耦合协调度模型,基于熵权法为各指标进行客观确定权重,结合2007~2015年湖南省农业生态与农业经济发展的相关数据,确定农业生态与农业经济的耦合匹配分析模型,采用熵值赋权法确定各项指标的权重,构建农业生态—农业经济耦合协调评价指标体系。[结果]研究结果表明,2007~2015年湖南省农业生态与农业经济的耦合协调发展基本稳定,耦合度值均在0.9以上,二者呈协调发展趋势。其中,2014年和2015年二者的耦合度较高,分别为0.975 3和0.984 3,说明湖南省在这两年的农业生态与农业经济的协调性好,农业经济与农业生态能够相互有效促进彼此的发展。同时,仍需时刻关注生态环境的承载力,降低对自然资源的无序攫取,实现经济的可持续发展。     

Nicaragua's Buen Vivir: a strategy for tourism development?

ABSTRACT

Although often framed as an emerging anthropocenic socio-ecological imaginary, the Latin American paradigm of Buen Vivir has provided a broad base of support for tourism development in the region. This article focuses on Nicaragua's Buen Vivir, a national development campaign entitled “Live Clean, Live Healthy, Live Beautiful, Live Well” (called Vivir Bonito, Vivir Bien) The campaign was launched in 2013 as a multi-pronged approach to integrated development in distinct areas including employment, public health, waste management, education, urban aesthetics and national pride. However, it has also had the effect of opening up opportunities for tourism development not only in the capital city of Managua but also alongside other mega-projects such as the planned interoceanic canal. This article draws upon the example of Vivir Bonito, Vivir Bien to illustrate the variety of tourism development strategies currently emerging at the intersection of a left-turn toward Socialism of the 21st Century and Buen Vivir in Latin America, on the one hand, and a post-neoliberal context in which political economic projects of the past continue to leave their mark.     

自然生态空间用途管制分区划定研究——以平潭岛为例

研究目的:在明确自然生态空间内涵和分类的基础上,探讨自然生态空间用途管制分区划定的逻辑框架和技术方法,提出自然生态空间分类、分级管制规则。研究方法:文献综述与GIS空间分析。研究结果:根据不同自然生态系统类型及其空间分布特征将自然生态空间类型划分为森林生态空间、草地生态空间、湿地生态空间和荒地生态空间;基于景观功能识别并按不同管控等级将自然生态空间管制类型区划分为红线区、橙线区和黄线区;同时,依据不同地块主要功能进一步确定自然生态空间用途管制分级,划定用途管制分区结果。研究结论:基于"区域主体功能—景观主导功能—地块主要功能"的自然生态空间管制分区划定逻辑框架,可为构建以功能分类、用途分区、管控分级为导向的自然生态空间用途管制体系提供理论依据和实践借鉴。     

长三角一体化背景下,“金融+科技”政策研究及产业培育路径分析

以长三角一体化发展为契机,区域内各个城市均在积极推进区域金融中心城市建设,着力打造金融聚集区、金融商务区试点,提升金融资源的集聚能力,完善金融服务功能和创新能力,形成特色鲜明、功能互补的金融产业集群。2019年8月,中共合肥市委、合肥市人民政府正式印发了《合肥市推动长三角地区更高质量一体化发展重点工作推进方案》,其中明文提到要"加快金融一体化",依托滨湖金融小镇等一批金融产业项目,积极引进长三角银行、保险、基金、期货、证券公司等金融机构在合肥设立区域分中心,为基础设施建设、科技创新升级、实体经济发展提供支持。立足合肥的科创及人才优势,安徽省级特色小镇--合肥滨湖金融小镇从设立之初,就确立了"金融+科技"的特色产业定位,本文通过案例分析及共词分析研究,梳理出滨湖金融小镇应重点推进"确立人才优先的产业集聚核心逻辑""实现科创中心与金融中心良性互动""释放金融基础设施项目,助推金融科技落地""监管科技与金融科技齐头并进""构建产业生态圈与金融品牌"等五大特色产业培育路径。     

Impacts of land leases in Oromia,Ethiopia: Changes in access to livelihood resources for local people

Large-scale land deals have attracted considerable attention for various reasons, including their implications for local livelihoods. While some view the phenomena as a development opportunity, encompassing improvement in the livelihoods of local people, others argue that it is an impoverishing scheme. Ethiopia ranks among the top in terms of the size of land leased out over the last decade. Land is a major resource of state control and investment in Ethiopia. As the foundation of their livelihoods and identity, it is simultaneously a vital resource for the local people. Highlighting the importance of land for local livelihoods and state-society relations and employing a political-ecological approach, this paper analyzes the outcomes of two land lease cases for the local people in Bakko Tibbe district of Oromia, Ethiopia. The findings show that the land leases induced a significant decline in local people’s access to land, resulting in a significant reduction in crop production and livestock husbandry. The land leases also dismantled longstanding land-based social relations in both production systems. Based on empirical evidence from specific localities and contextualizing the local livelihood dynamics within broader political-economic conditions, this study contributes to the ongoing debate on livelihood impacts of global land deals.     

国外生态修复研究进展评述

研究目的:系统总结国外生态修复研究的重点进展和主流共识,为把握未来生态修复研究的前沿态势提供参考。研究方法:文献研究法。研究结果:按照生态修复的"目标导向—技术方法—成效评价"的框架进行梳理,现有研究在生态修复的对象及尺度、生态学及社会经济文化目标、各类型生态系统及要素的修复技术方法、成效评价维度及指标等方面取得了一定的研究进展,但总体而言,目前生态修复研究存在理论—实践—政策之间知识转移欠缺、生态学与社会经济学科交叉研究不足、全球气候变化背景下的研究缺乏等问题。研究结论:理论—实践—政策耦合研究、生态学—社会经济学科交叉研究、气候变化—生态修复联动研究等可能是未来生态修复领域的重点研究方向。     

基于PSR模型的北京市西北生态涵养区生态健康评价研究

研究目的:作为保障首都生态环境质量与可持续发展的关键区域,北京市西北生态涵养区的生态健康程度反映了生态文明战略部署下首都高质量发展的综合成效。本文通过构建北京市西北生态涵养区健康评价指标体系,评价该区域的生态健康程度,为生态涵养区的可持续发展提供对策建议。研究方法:PSR模型、层次分析法(AHP)。研究结果:(1)基于PSR模型构建的生态健康评价指标体系包括压力、状态和响应系统3个准则层和10个评价指标,涵盖涵养区自然生态和人类活动影响;(2)研究区4个时段的健康指数分别为0.673、0.664、0.650、0.687,生态健康等级为一般。研究结论:北京市西北涵养区生态健康状况较为稳定,在保持西北涵养区建设现有成果的基础上,需要加大生态建设的力度,进一步提高生态健康水平。     

微生物强化采油技术研究现状及应用前景

介绍了微生物强化采油技术的基本概念、机理和发展现状，讨论了该技术的研究方法、优点及应用条件，并展望了微生物强化采油技术的应用前景。