Transboundary pollution externalities: Think globally,act locally?

We analyze the implications of transboundary pollution externalities on environmental policymaking in a spatial setting, in which pollution diffuses across the global spatial economy independently of the specific location in which it is originally generated. This framework gives rise to a simple regional optimal pollution control problem allowing us to compare the global and local solutions in which, respectively, the transboundary externality is and is not taken into account in the determination of the optimal policy by individual local policymakers. We show that it is not obvious that transboundary externalities are a source of inefficiency per se since this is strictly related to the spatial features of the initial distribution of pollution. If the initial pollution distribution is spatially homogeneous then the local and global solutions will coincide and thus no efficiency loss will arise from transboundary externalities, but if it is spatially heterogeneous the local solution will be suboptimal and thus a global approach to environmental problems will be needed to achieve efficiency. From a normative perspective, in this latter (and most realistic) case we also quantify the amount of policy intervention needed at local level in order to achieve the globally desirable goal of pollution eradication in the long run. Our conclusions hold true in a number of different settings, including situations in which the spatial domain is either bounded or unbounded, and situations in which macroeconomic–environmental feedback effects are taken into account.     

项目工程造价管理存在的问题及应对方法

近年来,随着建设工程行业的不断发展,工程项目也与日俱增,工程项目的规模越来越大,而工程造价在建设工程中变得愈加重要。从目前的状态来看,工程造价在工程项目管理中,存在或多或少的问题。论文就工程项目的造价管理方面进行具体的分析,希望能够给相关领域的发展有一定的帮助和参考。     

自动岩土工程勘察与地基处理问题及解决对策

在建筑工程项目建设过程中,岩土工程勘察为地基设计提供了基础支持,能够为建筑物基础设计、地基处理、施工提供工程地质资料和技术参数。但是,很多建筑企业不注重岩土工程勘察工作,导致实际勘察工作中出现了一系列问题,相关部门需要深入分析这些问题,针对岩土工程勘察和地基处理问题制定相应的解决方法,论文主要分析了岩土工程勘察与地基处理问题及解决对策。     

Maximizing political vote in multiple districts

This paper models a resource allocation problem in the political context. Voters and political candidates of two parties are positioned in each of n given electoral districts. We assume that each voter will vote for the candidate he is more attracted to. This attraction is modeled by an attraction function. Each of the parties now attempts to allocate a finite budget to maximize their objective, which is either the popular vote or the number of districts, in which the party has a majority. Individual scenarios are examined with respect to leader-follower solutions and Nash equilibria. The paper then describes a dynamic model that successively allocates existing funds plus additional donations to candidates in different electoral districts.     

乡镇政府财务管理的常见问题及完善策略

乡镇政府是我国的基层单位,其开展的工作与我国广大群众的生活息息相关,与人民的利益也是紧密相连的。因此,乡镇政府财务管理工作极其重要,甚至影响着集体的进步与发展。但现实生活中,乡镇政府财务管理存在着很多问题,这些都需要引起我们的重视。论文详细列举乡镇政府财务管理存在的问题,并且就这些问题提出一些相应的、科学的解决方法与措施。     

招投标与合同管理在实践中存在的问题及解决措施

随着时代的发展,越来越多的企业拔地而起,市场竞争越来越激烈。招投标已经成为一种时代主流的竞争方式。同时,为了保证招投标的可行性和安全性,企业将合同管理与招投标结合在一起作为一种新的竞争选拔方式应用到社会竞争当中。但是招投标与合同管理在实践过程中存在许多问题。论文分析了招投标与合同管理在实践中存在的问题,提出了解决措施,以期为招投标与合同管理在今后的实践打下基础。     

Ronald Jones's duality analysis as a foundation for applied general‐equilibrium modeling

Ronald Jones made seminal contributions to general‐equilibrium theory, moving away from an emphasis on the existence of equilibrium to algebraic formulations which enabled us to characterize key relationships between parameters and variables, such as that between tariffs and domestic factor prices and welfare. But the analysis remained limited in value for policy evaluation: the analysis was local, it provided only qualitative results, it was limited to very small models, and strictly interior solutions had to be assumed. The contribution of this paper is largely pedagogic and methodological. I show how the tools and approach pioneered by Jones can be generalized via the use of duality, complementarity and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker theorem into a global, quantitative analysis of large changes in high‐dimensional models which also allows for regime changes and corner solutions. I then show how the resulting nonlinear complementarity problem directly translates into a numerical model using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS).     

Examining the policy needs for implementing nature-based solutions in cities: Findings from city-wide transdisciplinary experiences in Glasgow (UK), Genk (Belgium) and Poznań (Poland)

To advance the science and practice of implementing nature-based solutions in cities, it is important to examine the obstacles and provide means to overcome them. This paper presents a conceptual framework of policy needs for analysing the science of nature-based solutions’ implementation and connect it to the practice of their implementation that advances the literature by connecting well-researched gaps to a more innovative action-oriented policy development approach that we argue is required for embedding scaled-up nature-based solutions. We conceptualise and ground the policy needs framework of skills, knowledge and partnerships theoretically in current literature of NBS policy and planning and empirically in three European case study cities: Genk in Belgium, Glasgow in UK and Poznan in Poland. The cross-case study analysis points to the knowledge needs of systems’ thinking and solutions-oriented thinking as paramount for implementing nature-based solutions. Our analysis further points to the skills’ needs of negotiation and collaboration for administrative silo bridging and for forging multi-sectoral partnerships essential for planning, and co-managing NBS. We conclude with three ways forward to addressing the policy needs for implementation: first, cities can invest in tailored and targeted capacity building programs, second, institutional spaces need to be established that allow for collaborative learning through and for partnerships and third, cities need to chart governance innovations that promote evidence-based policy for nature-based solutions’ design and implementation.     

RFID珠宝管理技术解决方案探索

随着科学技术的发展,RFID技术运用到珠宝管理中已经逐渐开始受到人们的重视,本文就基于RFID珠宝管理技术进行研究,分析了运用RFID技术的珠宝管理解决方案,为现阶段的珠宝管理工作提供一些参考意见。     

东北地区产业升级的困境与出路

产业结构的优化升级对于推动区域经济协调发展具有重要意义。目前，东北地区的产业发展仍未摆脱结构不合理、布局趋同、国有资产负债重、企业竞争力不强的困境。制约产业结构优化升级的因素在于思想观念保守、产业融合度低和制度环境不佳。需要突破某些认识误区、优化政策环境、发展替代和后续产业。