Identifying Worldviews on Corporate Sustainability: A Content Analysis of Corporate Sustainability Reports

Companies commonly issue sustainability or corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. This study seeks to understand worldviews of corporate sustainability, or the corporate message conveyed regarding what sustainability or CSR is and how to enact it. Content analysis of corporate sustainability reports is used to position each company report within stages of corporate sustainability. Results reveal that there are multiple coexisting worldviews of corporate sustainability, but the most dominant worldview is focused on the business case for sustainability, a position anchored in the weak sustainability paradigm. We contend that the business case and weak sustainability advanced in corporate sustainability reports and by the Global Reporting Initiative are poor representations of sustainability. Ecological embeddedness, or a locally responsive strategy that is sensitive to local ecosystems, may hold the key to improved ecological sensemaking, which in turn could lead to more mature levels of corporate sustainability worldviews that support strong sustainability and are rooted in environmental science. This must be supported by government regulation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Measuring benefits from spatially-explicit surface water quality improvements: The roles of distance,scope, scale,and size

Programs to improve water quality do not improve all water bodies equally. Evaluation of the benefits of such programs must account for where improvements occur and the relative magnitude of improvements that occur in different places. This study uses a choice experiment survey to explore how the value to a household of a surface water quality improvement varies as a function of (i) the distance between the household and the affected streams and rivers, (ii) the degree to which the quality of the water has been improved, (iii) how many stream and river miles have been improved, and (iv) the sizes of the affected streams and rivers. Results show evidence that value declines with distance in an approximately linear way, weak evidence that large rivers are worth more than small rivers, and no evidence that willingness-to-pay is nonlinear in either the degree of water quality improvement or the number of stream miles improved. These results indicate that it may be defensible in applied work to value small, spatially-explicit water quality improvement projects independently and then sum over projects.     

交通运输行业超限超载与黑车治理困境及突围——来自赏金猎人制度的借鉴

交通治理现代化是交通强国建设的重要支撑。交通运输行业超限超载与黑车现象屡禁不止的现实困境,一方面源于早期制度设计阶段遗留的逻辑障碍,一方面源于目前缺乏行之有效的规则来对此类问题进行限制和制约。尽管各级政府对黑车治理高度重视并采取了多种措施,但依然存在黑车辨识难、管理成本高、效率低等问题,尚未达到我国现有施政路线的要求。鉴于此,可抓住管理型政府向服务型政府转型的契机,遵循合法、合理、高效、经济的原则,通过比较分析美国赏金猎人制度来形成制度改革的借鉴。赏金猎人模式作为国外长期摸索得到的经验,有很多值得参考之处。现阶段,赏金猎人模式在我国已经具备试行的基础条件,不仅能够开拓视野,为当前我国面临的交通运输行业治理问题提供制度层面的启示,而且更为重要的是,能够为解决我国超限超载与黑车治理问题提供新的思路。当然,为避免简单借鉴或全盘照搬而导致的水土不服等落地性难题,需要围绕黑车治理困境和超限超载运输这两个具象背景,对不同国别法律解释上的差异加以创新并实现本地化,使之在立法层面稳固的前提下展示其优越性。     

Equilibrium concepts for time‐inconsistent stopping problems in continuous time

A new notion of equilibrium, which we call strong equilibrium, is introduced for time‐inconsistent stopping problems in continuous time. Compared to the existing notions introduced in Huang, Y.‐J., & Nguyen‐Huu, A. (2018, Jan 01). Time‐consistent stopping under decreasing impatience. Finance and Stochastics, 22(1), 69–95 and Christensen, S., & Lindensjö, K. (2018). On finding equilibrium stopping times for time‐inconsistent markovian problems. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, 56(6), 4228–4255, which in this paper are called mild equilibrium and weak equilibrium, respectively, a strong equilibrium captures the idea of subgame perfect Nash equilibrium more accurately. When the state process is a continuous‐time Markov chain and the discount function is log subadditive, we show that an optimal mild equilibrium is always a strong equilibrium. Moreover, we provide a new iteration method that can directly construct an optimal mild equilibrium and thus also prove its existence.     

大断面强流变软岩硐室加固技术相似模拟试验研究

针对鹤煤九矿井下硐室出现浆皮开裂、底臌等类似现象,采用相似模拟的方法,以鹤煤九矿31采区避难硐室临近硐室群实际地质资料为基础,研究分析了给定应力环境下不同支护方式时硐室围岩的变形破坏情况、失稳过程。作者认为,随着顶部压力的逐渐改变,顶板裂隙逐渐增加,裂隙深度和宽度逐步增加,巷道出现离层、底鼓,进而呈现大面积破坏。该结果对区段巷道布置与加固方案优化有一定的参考价值。     

强混响背景下LFM信号回波检测

混响是主动声纳检测的主要背景干扰，由于它是一种非平稳的有色噪声，使得工作在白噪声条件下的检测器性能受到极大限制。在混响背景下实现目标回波检测，常采用自回归（AR）模型对宽带回波预白化处理，但在强混响背景条件下，白化后直接进行匹配滤波检测的结果不甚理想。针对此问题，在AR模型预白化基础上，提出一种改进方法，对白化后信号先进行二分奇异值分解（SVD）处理，有效去除大部分混响干扰，然后再作匹配检测。仿真实验分析表明，相比于仅白化后的匹配滤波检测，该方法可提高信混比约3 dB，匹配检测效果得到了明显改善。     

商业银行拓展重点经济强镇市场的策略

本文以地处长三角南翼的宁波重点经济强镇市场为研究对象,分析该区域经济强镇的经济发展基础和未来趋势.在"十二五"期间,商业银行应抓住重点经济强镇的市场发展机遇,以清晰的思路、明确的目标和扎实的行动加快拓展市场.在具体执行中要协调好总行、分行、支行行动,总行层面要在制度设计安排、产品创新开发、科技及人才上发挥总部前瞻性政策...     

Statistical manipulability of social choice functions

We consider the proportion of profiles at which an anonymous neutral social choice function cannot be manipulated to any coalition's advantage. We fix the number of alternatives and consider the limit as the number of individuals goes to infinity, and assume that the limit of the fraction of all profiles in the domain is 1. We show that there is a continuous function on “profile vectors’ which gives the maximum probability of strategy-proofness, and that this is strictly between 0 and 1 for three alternatives. We also analyze a number of common social choice functions along these lines.     

试论浙江现代商贸流通强省

改革开放以来,浙江作为市场大省,专业批发市场曾经并将继续在浙江经济体制改革、民间人才培养、民有资本聚集、个私经济发展等方面发挥极其巨大的作用。在当前新的国际、国内经济形势下,有必要针对存在的问题,引导专业市场进行整合、转型与提升,使之与现代商贸流通的业态、方式和组织相对接,努力把浙江由“市场大省”提升为“现代商贸流通强省”。     

强反凸模糊集与反凸模糊集、严格反凸模糊集间的关系研究

给出了强反凸模糊集的定义,讨论了强反凸模糊集与反凸模糊集、严格反凸模糊集间的关系,并得到了两个等价条件。