Multi-criteria analysis of economic complexity transition in emerging economies: The case of Paraguay

Like many emerging economies, the productive structure of the Paraguayan economy is not complex. It relies extensively on low value-added activities in the primary sector such as agriculture and cattle ranching. These activities have a lower return in terms of economic and social benefits than other potential productive activities and do not contribute to increasing capability accumulation. In this paper we present a tool to support the identification of strategic sectors and products which if taken advantage of, could leverage development through the accumulation of productive capabilities. Our guiding question is: Which productive sectors should be promoted to foster economic development in Paraguay through a transition towards a more complex economy? To answer this question, we use concepts from the Economic Complexity theory to identify new products and cluster them based on the Product Space methodology for the determination of potential products and combine it with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for multicriteria analysis considering multiple criteria. In doing so, our proposed methodology contributes to both the Economic Complexity and the AHP literature. Through this combination, we tackle the multiplicity of juxtaposed criteria, which should be considered at the prioritization stage in the crafting of economic restructuring measures according to the country's capabilities. Our evaluation showed that the combination of the approaches is useful, and for Paraguay's case, it helped identify sectors, which, if promoted by policymakers, could help boost economic development through complexity and capability accumulation.     

Twenty-five years of business systems research and lessons for international business studies

Since 1992, the national business systems (NBS) approach has been increasingly used to analyse not only firm characteristics, structures and strategies within NBS, but also the nature of international business and its interactions with both national and transnational institutions. In reviewing 25 years of NBS literature, we heed calls in IB journals urging researchers to use NBS notions and findings in IB research. Our systematic review of 96 articles analyses the patterns and contributions of NBS literature, revealing four thematic junctures: (1) comparative business systems, (2) firm internationalisation and the management/organisation inside MNCs, (3) the role of internationalisation in the development of organisational capabilities and innovation and (4) the emergence of transnational communities in and across firms and societies. Themes are described in terms of (a) the research questions (RQ) they focus on, (b) how NBS approach investigates the RQ and what are the major findings, (c) how IB frames and approaches the same RQ, (d) how does the NBS approach extend the perspectives of IB and (e) what are the problems faced by NBS in terms of developing further insights into the RQ. Our review contributes to the recent endeavour of IB research to institutionalism, encouraging a productive dialogue between IB and NBS research.     

改革开放40年持续性产业升级的动力机制与路径——广东迈向高质量发展之路

产业升级是高质量发展的主要目标及核心推力。通过分阶段观测广东改革开放40年产业转型升级进程发现，广东产业转型升级的演化轨迹是一条迈向高质量发展的产业跃升之路，贯穿其中的主线是持续性产业升级。生产要素供给、市场需求、技术创新、政府干预及制度安排等四大动因相互影响、相互作用，形成动态更迭比较优势、推动产业持续升级的耦合动力机制。在国际产业分工的背景下，适应不同的阶段特征及红利条件，通过比较优势的动态化调整，广东产业发展模式由低成本要素驱动、投资驱动向创新驱动转变。站在新时代的历史起点上，广东应以全面创新驱动作为产业转型升级的动力，加快数字经济与实体经济深度融合，抢占全球价值链高端，迈向一个更高质量的发展阶段。     

知识产权保护、技术优势与创业质量——基于中国高新技术行业海创上市企业的实证检验

基于2010—2018年中国高新技术行业中具有代表性的信息技术和医药制造领域的海创上市企业数据，测算其在中国高新技术行业的技术优势指数（RTA），基于创业绩效、创业发展、创业创新3个维度综合考量创业质量评价指标，实证检验知识产权保护水平调节作用下中国海创企业技术优势与创业质量之间的关系。研究结果表明:①中国海创企业在高新技术行业拥有较明显的技术优势；②海创企业拥有的技术优势越强，其创业质量越高；③知识产权保护水平正向调节海创企业技术优势与创业质量之间的关系，即知识产权保护处于更高水平时，海创企业技术优势对创业质量的积极影响更显著。     

网络嵌入、动态能力与企业创新绩效——一个模糊集定性比较分析

网络嵌入、动态能力与企业创新绩效间关系一直是战略管理领域研究的热点话题，但以往研究忽视了网络嵌入与动态能力各构成维度间不同组合对创新绩效的复杂性影响。因此，基于组态视角和集合论思想，采用模糊集定性比较分析法，以220家中国企业为样本，从企业外部网络嵌入和内部动态能力培育两个层面，探讨网络嵌入和动态能力的不同维度影响企业创新绩效的多重组合路径。研究结果表明：企业创新绩效提升路径包括网络嵌入—能力促进型、双元能力推动型、网络嵌入—能力冲突型和创新能力缺失弥补型4种构型，且网络嵌入三维度间存在一定的替代性。     

基于广义价值论的内生增长理论初探

增长理论是经济学的重要部分，关系到每一个人的福利和一个国家的地位。文章运用广义价值论研究经济增长问题，以分工为切入点，把分工产生的新增利益和该利益的公平分配统一起来，论述了递增性假设之外另一条增长的可能路径。主要结论如下：（1）基于比较优势的分工交换可以持续地产生比较利益即超过自给自足收益的净收益，这一收益不依赖于技术的递增或递减变化，具有普遍持久稳定性；（2）由分工交换产生的净收益构成原始积累的重要来源，既促进了生产规模和分工范围的扩大，又支持了研发和技术进步；（3）劳动生产力任何提高的效应都通过分工交换产生的比较利益加以放大，在一个分工交换系统中，行为主体提高比较优势产品和比较劣势产品的生产力分别具有正的和负的外部性；（4）基于广义价值论的内生经济增长体现了效率与公平的统一，一个好的制度是能够保证在交易中各方的比较利益率相等，掠夺性制度不仅直接损害经济增长，也不具备长期可持续性。     

COVID19: Holiday intentions during a pandemic

The travel, tourism and hospitality industries have been the worst affected of the world's major economic sectors during the COVID19 pandemic, which has had a devastating effect on both destinations and organisations. Drawing from a sample (N = 385) of adult permanent residents of Athens, Greece, the study examines the impact of COVID19 upon holiday intention. The chaordic systems are evaluated through the use of fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, whilst the study also used Necessary Condition Analysis for the calculation of the size effects of the examined conditions. The findings reveal two sufficient complex configurations leading to holiday intention: (i) holiday risks, and (ii) impact of COVID19. Based on the results, the article also offers a set of managerial implications. The contribution of the study is to both theoretical and methodological tourism domains.     

A three-frequency dynamic factor model for nowcasting Canadian provincial GDP growth

This paper estimates a three-frequency dynamic factor model for nowcasting the Canadian provincial gross domestic product (GDP). The Canadian provincial GDP at market prices is released by Statistics Canada annually with a significant lag (11 months). This necessitates a mixed-frequency approach that can process timely monthly data, the quarterly national accounts, and the annual target variable. The model is estimated on a wide set of provincial, national and international data. In a pseudo real-time exercise, we find that the model outperforms simple benchmarks and is competitive with more sophisticated mixed-frequency approaches (MIDAS models). We also find that variables from the Labour Force Survey are important predictors of real activity. This paper expands previous work that has documented the importance of foreign variables for nowcasting Canadian GDP. This paper finds that including national and foreign predictors is useful for Ontario, while worsening the nowcast performance for smaller provinces.     

电子信息产业国内价值链省域比较优势测度及空间差异研究

为应对后疫情时代全球电子信息产业加剧的“比较优势陷阱”,中国亟需通过国内价值链省域比较优势的互补协同提升整体国际竞争力。在价值链产品内,基于垂直专业化分工框架,兼顾增值能力与劳动生产率两个维度,使用非竞争型投入占用产出模型,设计一个评测国家内部区域电子信息产业真实比较优势的新指标。结果表明,东部沿海省域比较优势强度与广度最为显著,内陆省域比较优势集中于上游能源型部门;制造业部门比较优势凸显,服务业部门比较优势相对薄弱;比较优势高省域集中度与低省域集中度的产业部门中,均存在整体比较优势强弱差异,其中,高省域集中度产业部门比较优势强度更高。     

创新生态系统如何驱动企业微创新——一个组态视角的fsQCA分析

近年来,微创新是创新研究领域的热点,如何驱动企业微创新是相关研究亟需回答的问题。整合创新生态系统3个层面六大要素,运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法,以18个微创新案例为样本,探讨创新生态系统驱动企业微创新的复杂因果机制。结果发现：第一,单个创新生态系统要素并不构成企业高微创新的必要条件。第二,存在3条高微创新驱动路径,即机会识别主导下的用户驱动型、机会识别主导下的环境与用户参与驱动型,以及机会识别主导下的环境、组织学习与领先用户驱动型。此外,非高微创新驱动路径仅有一条,且与高微创新驱动路径存在非对称关系。第三,机会识别能力作为核心条件出现在高微创新的3个组态及非高微创新一个组态中,说明机会识别能力对企业微创新具有重要作用。