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1.
We study the implementation of a time-varying pricing (TVP) program by a major electricity utility in Costa Rica. Because of particular features of the data, we use recently developed understanding of the two-way fixed effects differences-in-differences estimator along with event-study specifications to interpret our results. Similar to previous research, we find that the program reduces consumption during peak-hours. However, in contrast with previous research, we find that the program increases total consumption. With a stylized economic model, we show how these seemingly conflicted results may not be at odds. The key element of the model is that previous research used data from rich countries, in which the use of heating and cooling devices drives electricity consumption, but we use data from a tropical middle-income country, where very few households have heating or cooling devices. Since there is not much room for technological changes (which might reduce consumption at all times), behavioral changes to reduce consumption during peak hours are not enough to offset the increased consumption during off-peak hours (when electricity is cheaper). Our results serve as a cautionary piece of evidence for policy makers interested in reducing consumption during peak hours—the goal can potentially be achieved with TVP, but the cost is increased total consumption  相似文献   
2.
Haze pollution has become a new threat to China's sustainable development, but it may be that local government behaviour can play an important role in the prevention and control of pollutants. A dynamic spatial autoregressive (SAR) model is used to study the relationship between local government competition and haze pollution. To further explore the indirect impact of factor market distortion on haze pollution and control potential endogeneity problems, a newly developed intermediary effect model that incorporates the characteristics of the generalized method of moments (GMM) is utilized to explore how factor market distortion indirectly affects haze pollution. The research results show that regional haze pollution in China is characterized by significant spatial correlation, and local government competition has a positive impact on haze pollution; that is, local government competition exacerbates haze pollution. In general, local government competition not only directly leads to an increase in haze pollution but also further intensifies it by distorting the local factor market, and the intermediary role of factor market distortion is approximately 7.04%. The results of the regional inspection found that competition among local governments in the eastern region did not lead to haze pollution, and distortion of the factor market did not exist as an intermediary effect. However, both direct and intermediary effects are significant in the central and western regions. Therefore, an official performance appraisal system that includes ecological constraints should be established to guide the benign transformation of local government competition, and an environmental management mechanism must be developed for joint prevention and control to reduce haze pollution. In addition, the free flow of factors and marketization are equally important.  相似文献   
3.
基于资源基础理论和持续创新内生机制,利用435家高技术企业2010—2018年面板数据,对多元化战略对高技术企业创新持续性的影响进行探究。结果表明,产品多元化与创新持续性呈正U型关系,技术多元化对创新持续性具有正向促进作用,产品多元化与技术多元化协同效应对创新持续性具有负向影响;动态能力强化了产品多元化与创新持续性之间的正U型关系,并正向调节技术多元化与创新持续性之间的关系。在动态能力调节作用下,高技术企业产品多元化与技术多元化协同效应对创新持续性具有正向影响。  相似文献   
4.
We first consider a closed model, where households' time discount depends on externality in consumption. We can prove that there is a unique steady state, which is a saddle point. Then we extend the model to a two‐country world, and derive the condition on the effects of consumption externality under which there is a unique free trade steady state with saddle‐point stability.  相似文献   
5.
王莎  童磊  贺王德 《技术经济》2019,38(10):74-81
依据城市群理论,城市之间的联系强弱是决定城市能否连接为一体、协同发展的重要因素。基于此,以2017年数据为背景,在综合利用城市职能强度模型、修正的空间引力模型和城市流模型的基础上,对京津冀城市群内部的空间联系进行实证研究,结果表明:北京和天津的"空吸"效应严重,资源要素向两市集聚,占据城市群绝对的核心位置;京津两市空间引力作用最大,远超群内其余城市,说明经济基础和空间距离是制约城市间联系紧密的关键要素;京津冀城市群整体外向型服务业发展良好,但是主要依赖传统服务业,高端服务业发展较弱;次级城市相对缺乏,整个京津冀城市群尚未形成良好的阶梯结构。最后,依据研究结果提出相应建议。  相似文献   
6.
Dynamic factor models have been the main “big data” tool used by empirical macroeconomists during the last 30 years. In this context, Kalman filter and smoothing (KFS) procedures can cope with missing data, mixed frequency data, time-varying parameters, non-linearities, non-stationarity, and many other characteristics often observed in real systems of economic variables. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a comprehensive updated summary of the literature on latent common factors extracted using KFS procedures in the context of dynamic factor models, pointing out their potential limitations. Signal extraction and parameter estimation issues are separately analyzed. Identification issues are also tackled in both stationary and non-stationary models. Finally, empirical applications are surveyed in both cases. This survey is relevant to researchers and practitioners interested not only in the theory of KFS procedures for factor extraction in dynamic factor models but also in their empirical application in macroeconomics and finance.  相似文献   
7.
This study investigates how the dependence structures between stock markets and economic factors have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic using the dynamic model averaging approach. A series of economic factors such as commodity markets, cryptocurrency, monetary policy, international capital flows, and market uncertainty indices are considered. We find that the importance of economic variables and the sign and size of their coefficients are significantly different from those before the COVID-19 pandemic. The stock markets are most influenced by economic factors during the COVID-19 outbreak.  相似文献   
8.
Retailing strategy is one of the most crucial factors for industries. A proper retailing strategy can help to enhance consumer service and increase the industry's profit. An improved approach to retailing is suggested in this research to deliver superior customer service while maximizing profits in a dynamic system. The study analyzes a retailing strategy for a demand with cross-price elasticity upon the retail price. A product's cross-price elasticity and the system reliability are critical factors in retailing. Understanding the cross-price elasticity of demand between products helps retailers to make pricing decisions that maximize profits by maintaining demand. Imperfect products are produced due to an imperfect production system. The imperfect ones must be adjusted with some costs to make them perfect for better retailing. The system failure rate is crucial for retailing under cross-price elasticity of demand patterns. Production system reliability, cross-price elasticity of demand, and consumer service are all essential factors that can impact a company's success in the market. The production rate is considered time- and system failure rate-dependent. Contradictory to the literature, a dynamical system is proposed for improved retail management, which is solved using the Euler-Lagrange theory. Finally, one can achieve the expected maximum profit for this retail system with optimum selling prices for different products by reducing the system failure rate. Some numerical illustrations with graphical representations are provided to validate the current study. Numerical examples show that applying cross-price elasticity of demand for more than two identical products provides 35% more profit for the retail industry than a single type of product.  相似文献   
9.
网络嵌入、动态能力与企业创新绩效间关系一直是战略管理领域研究的热点话题,但以往研究忽视了网络嵌入与动态能力各构成维度间不同组合对创新绩效的复杂性影响。因此,基于组态视角和集合论思想,采用模糊集定性比较分析法,以220家中国企业为样本,从企业外部网络嵌入和内部动态能力培育两个层面,探讨网络嵌入和动态能力的不同维度影响企业创新绩效的多重组合路径。研究结果表明:企业创新绩效提升路径包括网络嵌入—能力促进型、双元能力推动型、网络嵌入—能力冲突型和创新能力缺失弥补型4种构型,且网络嵌入三维度间存在一定的替代性。  相似文献   
10.
以江苏省383家众创空间为样本,应用组态思维和QCA方法整合资源与服务两个层面的6个条件,探讨形成众创空间创客集聚差异的多重并发和复杂机理。结果发现:①众创空间高创客集聚存在服务主导型、场地-创客教育主导型、全要素型3个组态,其中,服务主导型、场地-创客教育主导型能深层次、强有力地影响众创空间高创客集聚;②众创空间非高创客集聚存在单纯地产式、单纯线下投资促进、单纯线上投资促进3种组态,且对众创空间非高创客集聚的影响基本相当;③资金资源不充足、场地资源不充足与人员服务不充足在解释非高创客集聚时具有替代作用。  相似文献   
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