Spirituality and corporate social responsibility: an empirical narrative from the Balinese tourism industry

The emerging body of knowledge has indicated the positive relationship between spirituality and corporate social responsibility (CSR), yet our understanding of how spirituality can play a role in CSR in general, and in tourism in particular, remains limited. This research takes a qualitative case study approach to the role of spirituality-inspired CSR by providing an empirical investigation of tourism businesses in Bali, Indonesia, where the Hindu based Tri Hita Karana philosophy drives its cultural identity. A total of 20 qualitative interviews and two focus groups were conducted with Bali tourism stakeholders including businesses, government, community and NGOs. The findings show that spirituality plays an important role in CSR in Balinese tourism in three dimensions, namely (1) as a key element of the broader social and cultural context to create a conducive external environment for CSR; (2) as a CSR driver to inspire business leaders; and (3) as a complement to CSR governance, though with limitations. This research contributes to the literature by providing an empirical narrative that demonstrates strong multi-layered links between spirituality and CSR and the implications for tourism destinations in spirituality-oriented cultures.     

Post-growth in the Tropics? Contestations over Tri Hita Karana and a tourism megaproject in Bali

Abstract

This study looks at a socio-environmental conflict over a tourism megaproject in the Benoa Bay in Bali, Indonesia. This conflict is interesting because it crystallizes key questions about the future of the island. Intriguingly, all the conflicting groups of actors mobilize the same philosophy of Tri Hita Karana (THK), which can be translated as the “three causes of well-being” and which is said to guide the development policies of the island. Our objective is to investigate how THK relates to the conflict and to what extent some of its interpretations are growth-critical. Using political ecology as a theoretical lens and qualitative methods, we find that the conflicting groups do not oppose each other through different languages of valuation, but within them. Likewise, THK is only superficially “one” idiom of valuation. In reality, THK covers different visions of development, depending on the actors involved. We identify three broad ways of interpreting THK in this conflict: (i) a marketable way, (ii) an equity-oriented way, and (iii) a radical-integral way, which bears similarities with post-growth views. This article is a contribution to the emerging debates on post-growth thinking from the “global South” and to the radical critique of tourism industry in developing regions.     

基于MPWPS主动学习的半监督协同分类算法

半监督学习和主动学习是机器学习的两个重要研究领域.半监督学习通过利用有标记样本训练分类器标注未标记样本,来增加标记样本的数量.那么,如果未标记样本被错误标注将会影响后续分类器的迭代训练,进而降低最终分类器的预测精度.因此,本文在半监督学习的基础上引入主动学习的思想,首先采用MPWPS算法选取最有可能预测错误的样本,交由专家进行标注,再结合已标记样本进行迭代协同训练,来提高分类器的性能和标注的正确率.本文实现了基于MPWPS主动学习的半监督协同分类算法,并在UCI数据集上的实验验证了该算法的有效性.     

Land use suitability analysis of rural tourism activities: Yenice,Turkey

In this study, a land use suitability analysis was conducted for rural tourism in the Yenice district, located in the north-west of Turkey. As part of the research process involved dividing the area in question into landscape units using GIS and RS techniques. A suitability rating for tourism activities in each landscape unit was obtained by following through the steps of the ELECTRE method, individually repeated for each landscape unit. It is considered that the 1st-, 2nd- and 3rd-degree suitable activities were most relevant in the rating of the nine different tourism activities. Therefore assessments were made on the basis of these first three ranks. As a result of the analysis, from the 1st-degree suitable activities identified, the first three were found to be mountaineering, trekking and wildlife observation. From the 2nd-degree suitable activities, the first three were flora observation, trekking and hiking, and from the 3rd-degree suitable activities, the first three trekking, orienteering and mountaineering.     

旅游区三重旅游环境系统及其优化调控--以西安为例

以西安为例,提出了旅游区三重旅游环境系统的概念,即旅游区的大旅游环境系统应该是由三个圈层组成的同心圆结构,其一是旅游区的宏观环境子系统,其二是城市综合环境子系统,其三是旅游景区(点)环境子系统,总称为三重旅游环境系统.着重分析了各环境子系统存在的问题、原因及相互关系,据此提出了基本对策并建立了促使系统良性运行的优化调控模式.     

民营经济发展模式比较

作为我国改革开放以来民营经济发展的典型模式，温州模式，苏南模式，珠江模式，并中村模式和三城模式等在形成特点上存在着很大的差异。而在发展过程中，这五种模式也呈现出不同的变动特征，有的出现了发展的障碍，有的改变了发展路径，有的“终结”了，也有的继续保持着发展的活力，通过对这些模式的比较，我们认为，产权制度创新是民营经济健康发展的关键，大力培植民间经济的基础则是实施民营化的根本保证，而民营企业则应不断提升自己的素质，来适应社会经济发展的要求。