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1.
20世纪末21世纪初,俄罗斯爆发了第四次人口危机,这次人口危机发生在和平年代,人口出生率小于人口死亡率,俄罗斯每年减少近100万人口。由于"缺人",许多村庄荒芜,大量工作无人干,西伯利亚和远东的开发也是纸上谈兵。俄罗斯政府若再不考虑从国外移民,国家将面临"无人为继"的尴尬局面。从"外来移民计划"、"优秀人才向外移民严重"、"外国劳工人数下降"和"中国威胁论"四个方面论述了俄罗斯人口与移民状况,说明必须增加外来高素质移民来抵消人口危机给俄罗斯的经济社会发展带来的负面影响。 相似文献
2.
Michael Alexeev 《Economics of Transition》1999,7(2):449-465
The paper considers the Russian privatization process and examines how its deviation from the competitive sale standard was likely to affect wealth inequality. (Privatization here is defined narrowly as the transfer of existing assets from government ownership to private hands.) While empirical evaluation is all but impossible due to the dearth of reliable data, it is feasible to analyze the institutional features of Russian privatization in terms of their effect on redistribution of wealth. The paper argues that the most relevant and interesting issue is to evaluate privatization's distributional consequences relative to the informal pre-reform property rights. In light of this, privatization is modelled as a rent-seeking contest with incumbency advantage of enterprise managers who initially held the greatest informal rights over assets. The rent-seeking contest is shown to strongly magnify this pre-reform wealth inequality reflected in the incumbency advantage.
In addition, the paper analyzes the distributional consequences for various wealth groups of the differences in the composition of their pre-reform informal wealth, most importantly a relatively large share of housing assets in the wealth of the poor. The effect of wealth redistribution on economic growth in Russia is also discussed. 相似文献
In addition, the paper analyzes the distributional consequences for various wealth groups of the differences in the composition of their pre-reform informal wealth, most importantly a relatively large share of housing assets in the wealth of the poor. The effect of wealth redistribution on economic growth in Russia is also discussed. 相似文献
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Privatisation Vouchers in Russia were heavily invested in the holders' own firms. Using data from a recent survey, we show
that insider control in firms privatised in 1992-4 through the voucher process (as distinct from the earlier leased buy-out
method) is insecure and dependent on managers' support. For employees, investment in insider control appears to have been
motivated by employment income insurance rather than expected excess returns on the equity. Managers are predominantly the
same individuals as before privatisation and display considerable hostility to outside investors, probably because they fear
dismissal should outsiders gain control. Despite insider control, firms are shedding labour quite rapidly through voluntary
resignations. Employment dynamics appear to be unrelated to insider equity ownership.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Ville Kaitila 《Post - Communist Economies》2016,28(2):129-145
There are different academic assessments of the principal forces behind Russia’s GDP growth. Studies that reconstruct capital stocks using gross fixed capital formation and the perpetual inventory method find that total factor productivity growth has been paramount to GDP growth. On the other hand, capital services datasets that have recently been made available find that capital developments have been instrumental in driving economic growth. We reconstruct a capital stock series for Russia for 1995–2013 and compare the results to two capital services time series using the Solow growth model. We also take into account terms of trade developments that have lent strong support to Russia’s economy. The terms of trade is shown to have been an important factor behind the development of gross fixed capital formation and thus GDP growth. 相似文献
8.
In this paper, I argue that religion matters for the provision of public goods. I identify three normative foundations of Eastern Orthodox monasticism with strong economic implications: 1. solidarity, 2. obedience, and 3. universal discipline. I propose a public goods game with a three-tier hierarchy, where these norms are modeled as treatments. Obedience and universal discipline facilitate the provision of threshold public goods in equilibrium, whereas solidarity does not. Empirical evidence is drawn from public goods experiments run with regional bureaucrats in Tomsk and Novosibirsk, Russia. The introduction of the same three norms as experimental treatments produces different results. I find that only universal discipline leads to the provision of threshold public goods, whereas solidarity and obedience do not. Unlike in Protestant societies, in Eastern Orthodox societies free-riding occurs at lower than at higher hierarchical levels. Successful economic reforms in Eastern Orthodox countries start with the restructuring of the middle- and lower-ranked public sector. Authoritarian persistence is defined by the commitment of the dictator to overprovide public goods. 相似文献
9.
王文明 《南京财经大学学报》2009,(1)
俄罗斯和欧盟关系的主要特点是双方互动的非对称性、过分的相互依赖性和利益交织面的扩大。双方虽然都在努办寻找建立长期稳定关系的契合点,但由于价值观分歧严重,在很多领域难以达成互信,因此,双方关系的发展常常一波三折。与此同时,互相依赖、利益交织的事实也使双方在矛盾中不会走向对抗而保持克制。全球金融海啸的爆发、美国对外政策的调整为排除俄欧关系发展的主要障碍提供了机遇。务实合作、实现双方利益的最大化将依然是主导未来欧俄关系发展的主线。 相似文献
10.
俄罗斯裘皮产品市场现状与河北省对俄贸易策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
俄罗斯是裘皮服装消费大国,市场潜力巨大,而自身生产难以满足市场需求,90%需要依赖进口。河北省是对俄裘皮服装出口大省,但是由于俄罗斯贸易政策及我国出口退税政策调整等因素导致近年对俄出口额大幅下滑。俄罗斯经济持续增长、入世等积极因素必将会使市场走向有序、规范,也孕育着更为激烈的竞争。河北省对俄出口企业应该从长计议,把握机遇,科学决策,整合力量,提升产品层次,增强竞争力,创造对俄出口的新辉煌。 相似文献