《消失的地平线》对构建和谐旅游的几点启示

《消失的地平线》塑造的“香格里拉”人与人、人与自然和谐相处的种种表象,从文化哲学层面揭示其所包含的生态和谐、人态和谐以及心态和谐这一“和谐旅游”文化意境,给当下和谐旅游的构建以某些启示。     

香格里拉草场资源利用的调查与对策研究

香格里拉县地处长江上游,其草场资源利用在区域可持续发展中具有重要作用。受自然条件、社会经济及文化发展进程影响,当地草场（草山、草坡）使用是一种国有森林草场＂自由、共用＂与农村集体草场＂社区共管＂并存的形式。商品经济的快速发展,对这种形式产生了巨大冲击,＂公地悲剧＂已初现端倪,草场载畜过重,草场严重退化,影响着草场（草山、草坡）可持续发展。因此,应构建＂可持续发展＂的草场使用理念;选择新的经济收入方式,形成新的农村经济格局;依托林业科技发展经济林木;积极发展旅游业;有效推进畜牧业集约化经营;加快乡村城市化、城镇化进程。     

Community participation mode of ecotourism in Tibetan area of Shangfi-La County, Yunnan Province

Community participation is one of the focuses of the research on ecotourism. The research on community participative model is of great theoretical and practical significance. Based on the former experts＇ studies, this paper analyzes ecotourism demonstration areas in Diqing Shangri-La of Yunnan as a case study. It mainly expounds the relationship between ecotourism and community participation and puts forward such a community participative model of ecotourism in Shangri-La.     

Tourism and environmental subjectivities in the Anthropocene: observations from Niru Village,Southwest China

ABSTRACT

The increasingly popular notion of Anthropocene urges us to reflect and review the role of the human, the Anthropos, as part of the planet earth. In this context, tourism has been singled out as a global industry that is driven by neoliberal economic principles and is inevitably intertwined in the production of the Anthropocene. At the same time, tourism has been adopted also as part of environmental governance and management, aiming for a more sustainable economy. Based on the idea that ecotourism contributes to the discourse of “nature” (and Anthropocene) disruptively as well as productively in unsettling the normative ideas of “nature” and “culture”, in this article I attempt to understand more specifically how ecotourism may enable individuals' subject formation in relation to the broader environmental discourse. Drawn on fieldwork in Niru Village, Shangri-La, Southwest China, I employ a political ecology approach and examine the ways individuals relate themselves to “nature”, through a process of negotiation and exchange with others engaged in ecotourism activities. The tourism encounters in Niru Village, therefore are also embodied encounters of different environmental subjectivities.     

Community participation mode of ecotourism in Tibetan area of Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province

1. The basis of community participation of ecotourism in Shangri-La Tibetan area In 1980, the Canadian scholar Clande Molin put forward community participating ecology and cul- ture tourism in his academic thesis [1]. Based on this, Mexico scholar H. Ceballos Lascurain first used the term “ecotourism” in his book in 1983, and was con- firmed by International Environment Conference in Mexico 1986[2]. In 1993, the Ecotourism Society re- defined ecotourism and pointed out its two impor- t…     

场景·人物·精神——文化景观视角下 香格里拉传统村落保护研究

传统村落是重要的文化遗产，香格里拉地区因其千 姿百态、民族各异的传统村落而成为村落文化景观富集区， 但目前的规划重物质而轻文化。总结传统村落的研究现状及问 题，分析村落文化景观的内涵，论述“场景·人物·精神”三 者的辩证关系，提出从文化景观视角进行传统村落的整体性保 护研究。以小街子村为例，说明场景、人物、精神这3个要素 在传统村落文化景观系统中的协同作用和统一关系，得出以下 结论：避免仅关注村落“场景”而忽视“人物”和“精神信 仰”，注重文化景观系统及节点要素的梳理和维护，保护历史 文化要素空间，审视“外力”，守住场所精神，建构出“文 化-空间-时间”的村落文化景观多维分析框架。     

A model of deep ecotourism development and its empirical study

Ecotourism requires the harmony of all factors involved in tourism system for a multilateral benefit. Based on such cognition, a concept of deep ecotourism development is put forward which includes two connotations： on the one hand, it should give prominence to the display of the eco-culture of the tourist destination and tourists＇ eco-experience, in which way the development behavior on the tourist destination and the tourists＇ behavior will be regulated; on the other hand, it implies the deep harmony among tourist entrepreneurs and tourists, the local governments and the local residents, as well as tourist activities and the ecological environment in the tourism development for the multilateral benefit of every element involved and sustainable tourism development. The common sense is that the degrees in a certain tourism destination will differ and that consequently four levels of ecotourism are divided - very shallow ecotourism, shallow ecotourism, deep ecotourism and very deep ecotourism. To move shallow ecotourism toward deep one, two models of ＂four subjects and two wings＂ and ＂connecting the two wings＂ of deep ecotourism development system are introduced to make ecotourism industry favorable to the display of eco-culture and the sustainable development of the destination community. With the two models, a case study of ecotourism development in Louguantai National Forest Park was made as a demonstration. The ultimate purpose is to build an ideal new Shangri-La.     

Phantasmal destination: A Post-modernist Perspective

The research outlined in this paper began as a study to explore the meaning attached to the creation of a new type of destination from a postmodernist perspective. The concept of the “phantasmal destination” was derived from the observation of several destinations favored by tourists primarily because of a myth associated with them, generally with no basis in historical reality. Shangri-La in Yunnan, China, was selected for this investigation due to its unique qualities containing all of the elements of this tourism phenomenon. This qualitative study applied the Grounded Theory Method, and uncovered other issues related to the perception of “other,” the effect images created by the media, and commercial considerations on development decisions leading to the distortion of cultures.