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While the transmission of virus SARS-CoV-2 via food is rare, some Chinese food retailers are considering a Covid-19-tested food label. However, how consumers may support such a label is unknown. We quantify Chinese consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for food carrying a Covid-19-tested label using an online choice experiment. We find that the WTPs for such a label are always positive for all food products considered. The amount of WTP depends on the entities authenticating the labels, country of origin of the food, and consumers’ socio-demographic status. Contrary to expectation, the knowledge on Covid-19 does not affect consumer preferences for the Covid-19-tested food labels. Our benefit and cost analysis suggests a possible large benefit of creating and administering a Covid-19-tested food label. This study provides insights for policymakers, global food manufacturers, and retailers to create marketing strategies to alleviate consumer food safety concerns associated with Covid-19. 相似文献
3.
Renewable energy is worldwide seen as a key element necessary to address climate change. However, finding socially acceptable locations for renewable energy facilities and the accompanying infrastructure increasingly often faces fierce opposition. This paper quantifies the landscape externalities of renewable energies employing a choice experiment. In addition, it is investigated how accounting for non-compensatory choice behavior, i.e. attribute cut-offs, affects welfare measures and subsequently policy recommendations. The empirical application is Germany where we conducted a nationwide survey on the development of renewable energies. We first show that cut-off elicitation questions prior to the choice experiment at least partially influence preferences. We further find that most participants state cut-off levels for attributes. Many are, however, at the same time willing to violate the self-imposed thresholds when choosing among the alternatives. To account for this effect, stated cut-offs are incorporated into a mixed logit model following the soft cut-off approach. Model results indicate substantial taste heterogeneity in preferences and in the use of cutoffs. Also, welfare estimates are substantially affected. We conclude that welfare changes from renewable energy development could be strongly underestimated when cut-offs are ignored. 相似文献
4.
蒋樟生 《经济理论与经济管理》2021,41(9):55-70
近年来,“三农”问题受到极大关注。为了应对外部资源、环境、科学技术等多重压力对农业升级与发展的影响,政府出台了诸多政策支持农业企业的技术研发与创新。本文从政府干预视角分析政府补助和税费返还两种形式的政府创新支持政策对农业企业研发投入的影响,重点分析机构投资者与大股东参与公司内部治理以及社会审计事务机构参与公司外部治理这两者所发挥的不同监督作用。研究发现:第一,不同形式的政府创新支持(政府补助和税费返还)对农业企业研发投入的影响并不一致。政府补助产生替代效应,税费返还则产生互补效应。第二,持股监督(机构投资者和大股东的持股比例上升)能增强政府补助对农业企业研发投入的替代效应,也能增强税费返还对农业企业研发投入的互补效应。第三,审计监督(社会审计事务机构的审计意见)会减弱政府补助支持对农业企业研发投入的替代效应,也会减弱税费返还对农业企业研发投入的互补效应。本文的研究发现为政府制定适宜的创新支持政策,以及合理发挥持股监督与审计监督的内外部治理作用,提供一定的决策依据和理论支持。 相似文献
5.
Nowadays, industrial firms are very much careful to build a green environment by reducing carbon emissions. The government imposes some rules and regulations to provide a better eco-friendly environment. In this study, the cap-and-trade mechanism has been considered in a production model to control the carbon emissions rate. The manufacturers invest in advanced green technology to reduce per unit emissions. As online and offline selling is crucial to any industry for increasing customer demand, the manufacturers sell their products by dual-channel and advertise their products by online channel to make more popular of their products. Keeping these in mind, a sustainable flexible production model with single-type substitutable product production is considered here by imposing a cap-and-tax policy, investing in green technology, and advertising for products. This model is divided into two cases: with and without investment in green technology. The demand of each manufacturer depends upon an online selling price, an offline selling price, and an online advertisement of the product. A classical optimization technique helps to get the optimum strategies for the online selling price, offline selling price, advertisement investment, green technology, cycle time, and production rate. From the numerical study, it is proved that the industry gets 6.97% more profit in the case of green technology investment and the proposed study gives 5.74% more profit than the traditional production system. Sensitivity analysis and managerial insights are performed. 相似文献
6.
传统方法在建筑材料供应链质量数据安全共享中应用效果不佳,不仅数据误码率比较高,而且数据共享时延比较长,无法达到预期的数据安全共享效果。为此提出基于区块链技术的建筑材料供应链质量数据安全共享方法。利用区块链技术对建筑材料供应链质量数据属性加密,建立建筑材料供应链质量数据安全共享链,整合建筑材料供应链质量数据加密、解密程序,通过对用户身份验证实现对质量数据安全共享,以此完成基于区块链技术的建筑材料供应链质量数据安全共享。实验证明,设计方法的数据误码率在1%以内,数据共享时延在1s以内,具有良好的数据安全共享效果。 相似文献
7.
科学技术是第一生产力,科技投入无论是在推动经济增长还是促进社会发展方面,都有着举足轻重的重要作用。通过协整检验、格兰杰因果检验等方法,研究2006年-2020年西部地区财政科技支出对区域经济增长的作用。实证结果表明,西部地区的财政科技支出与经济增长之间存在着长期的均衡关系。因此,应进一步加大及合理安排政府财政科技资金的投入,加强资金监管,提高资金使用效率,更好地促进经济发展与社会进步。 相似文献
8.
在供给侧改革背景下,科技保险肩负着为科技创新保驾护航的历史使命。然而,科技保险试点10年来,依然面临需求低迷与供给不足并存的发展困境。其主要根源在于:严重的信息不对称造成市场失灵、“跛行”的财政支持政策不能形成有效激励以及不成熟的行业环境制约。要想走出这一困境,仅仅从需求方着力是远远不够的。科技保险的正外部性和科技保险市场高度的信息不对称,决定了必须从财政支持、产品创新、机制创新、中介培育及信息服务等方面进行供给侧改革。为此,提出应当构建供需并重的差异化财政支持机制、加大与需求侧相匹配的科技保险产品供给、创新科技保险契约模式及运行机制、搭建科技保险中介服务和信息支持平台等建议。 相似文献
9.
随着网络技术的快速发展以及各种新网络业务的出现,网络的规模日益扩大和复杂。同时,各种网络服务对于网络可靠性的要求也逐渐提高,这就对网络的维护提出了更高的要求。在这种情况下,传统的网络维护模式逐渐不能适应现代网络发展的需求。针对现代大型网络的故障诊断问题,利用大数据分析技术,设计并完成了一套整体的智能化故障诊断系统。在此系统中,针对不同的故障类型,利用能够获取到的数据类型,针对性地设计了相关的故障诊断模块和算法。系统整体基于开源的数据处理平台构建,具备良好的可扩展性。通过实际案例数据的验证,结果表明此系统具备良好的处理实际网络故障的能力,将大数据分析技术应用于网络故障诊断领域也具备较强的可行性。 相似文献
10.
Besnik Pula 《New Political Economy》2018,23(4):458-474
The prevailing transitions literature suggests that dynamic firms in postsocialist economies are the result of macroinstitutional reforms leading to the making of markets. This article builds on work in comparative political economy and economic sociology to show that the degree of competitive behaviour of postsocialist firms is determined not by the existence of general market institutions alone but by the kinds of organisational allies firms possess and the kinds of markets they compete in. Using firm survey data across 28 postsocialist economies, the article examines the determinants of competitive restructuring by firms, including product innovation, standards upgrade, financial transparency, and investments in research and development. The article confirms insights from comparative political economy which suggest that dynamic enterprise sectors emerge when governance is effective. However, at the firm level, the article finds that transnational ties and supportive policy environments are most significant in the making of dynamic postsocialist enterprises. The article also highlights important regional variation in firm behaviour and discusses the relationship between institutional frameworks, organisational embeddedness, and firm restructuring in postsocialist economies. 相似文献