Discounting long run average growth in stochastic dynamic programs

Summary. Finding solutions to the Bellman equation often relies on restrictive boundedness assumptions. In this paper we develop a method of proof that allows to dispense with the assumption that returns are bounded from above. In applications our assumptions only imply that long run average (expected) growth is sufficiently discounted, in sharp contrast with classical assumptions either absolutely bounding growth or bounding each period (instead of long run) maximum (instead of average) growth. We discuss our work in relation to the literature and provide several examples. Received: July 26, 2000; revised version: July 10, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" I am specially grateful to Cuong Le Van and to anonymous referee for detecting an error in a previous version of this paper and for suggestions that sensibly improved the paper. Comments and suggestions are also acknowledged to Michele Boldrin, Raouf Boucekkine, Fabrice Collard, Tim Kehoe, Omar Licandro, and Luis Puch. I am also indebted to participants to the III Summer School on Economic Theory held at the Universidade de Vigo, the Macroeconomics Workshop at the Universitat Autò}noma de Barcelona, and the Econometrics Seminar at Tilburg University. Financial support from the Belgian government, under project PAI P4/01, at the IRES-UCL, from a European Marie Curie fellowship, Grant HPMF-CT-1999-00410, at the CEPREMAP, and from IVIE and Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología and FEDER, under project BEC2001-0535, at the Universidad de Alicante, is gratefully acknowledged.     

基于CNKI的我国旅游专业期刊地域学术影响力分析

采用文献计量学方法,以中国学术期刊评价统计分析系统的网络传播统计数据为依据,统计分析了我国4家主要旅游学术期刊（《旅游学刊》、《旅游科学》、《北京第二外国语学院学报（旅游版）》、《旅游论坛》）的网络传播趋势、读者地域分布、文献海外访问量分区段分布情况。分析结果表明：1）旅游学术期刊的办刊时间长短与网络传播有比较强的联系;2）受CNKI的影响范围和发文文种限制,我国旅游学术期刊地域影响主要集中在亚洲华人集中的地区,3）省市区读者分布情况与我国的区域经济发展水平和旅游教育发展水平有很强的关系;4）我国旅游学术期刊的海外访问情况都不是很理想。综合以上4点．说明我国这4家我国旅游学术期刊的国际化水平还有待提高。     

期刊参考文献著录格式的统计与分析——以湖北省期刊为例

以湖北省期刊为统计样本,分析《文后参考文献著录规则》（GB/T 7714—2005）的执行情况,针对其中存在的问题提出几点建议：人文社科类期刊要提高对参考文献著录规范的重视程度;不宜用注释代替参考文献列表;参考文献顺序编码制要优于著者-出版年制;文后列出的参考文献,在正文中必须对应标注;专业性较强的英文科技期刊可参照同专业的国际著名刊物进行参考文献著录。     

上市银行高管人力资本存量与薪酬水平相关性研究

近年来,上市银行高管薪酬备受社会各界关注。通过对沪深两市上市银行2006年至2009年数据进行分析,结果显示：上市银行高管年龄与高管薪酬之间存在显著的正相关关系;高管任期和高管学历对上市银行高管薪酬不具有解释力;上市银行高管薪酬与业绩呈正相关关系,但相关性不显著;银行规模对高管薪酬具有显著的正向影响。可见,高管人力资本水平和公司绩效能够在一定程度上解释上市银行高管薪酬,但解释力度较弱。     

大学生学术不端行为的遏制路径研究——基于创新自我效能感视角

采用创新自我效能感量表和学术不端行为调查问卷对378名大学生进行调研。结果表明：性别、专业、年级会对创新自我效能感产生影响,大学生的创新自我效能感又对遏制学术不端行为具有重要影响。     

To tell or not to tell? The roles of perceived norms and self‐consciousness in understanding consumers' willingness to recommend online secondhand apparel shopping

Secondhand apparel shopping resides in a domain characterized by used goods traditionally associated with financially marginalized consumers. Acknowledging the elusive psychological barriers associated with preowned apparel, this study explores mechanisms that facilitate consumers' willingness to recommend online secondhand apparel shopping. Results from three experimental studies and a cross‐sectional survey of online secondhand shoppers in the United States reveal that hedonic and ethical benefits influence recommendation behavior via perceived norms, whereas economic benefit directly influences consumers' willingness to recommend. Moderated mediation analyses further demonstrate that self‐consciousness alters the strength of the indirect effects, such that consumers with lower self‐consciousness displayed greater willingness to recommend compared to highly self‐conscious consumers. Findings contribute to a greater theoretical understanding of the roles perceived norms and self‐consciousness play in facilitating or inhibiting recommendation behavior in a context that implicitly involves self‐disclosure of one's secondhand purchase behavior. Managerial implications offer insights on salient benefits that can be leveraged to influence word‐of‐mouth recommendation.     

The impact of social norms on entrepreneurial action: Evidence from the environmental entrepreneurship context

Using insights from institutional theory, sociology, and entrepreneurship we develop and test a model of the relationship between centralized and decentralized institutions on entrepreneurial activity. We suggest that both decentralized institutions that are socially determined as well as centralized institutions that are designed by governmental authorities are important in promoting firm foundings in the environmental context. In a sample of the U.S. solar energy sector we find that state-sponsored incentives, environmental consumption norms, and norms of family interdependence are related to new firm entry in this sector. Our findings also suggest that the efficacy of state-level policies in the sponsoring of entrepreneurial growth is dependent upon the social norms that prevail in the entrepreneur's environment. We expand entrepreneurship theory and the study of institutions and the natural environment by demonstrating the integral role that social norms play in influencing the creation of new firms and by illustrating the potential effect social norms have on the effect of policy that seeks to encourage environmentally responsible economic activity.     

试论学术期刊编辑职业倦怠及其干预

学术期刊编辑职业倦怠是编辑长期处于工作压力下的一种极端反应,它是包括情感衰竭、去人格化、个人低成就感在内的一种综合症。学术期刊编辑职业倦怠问题的产生有其工作和个人方面的原因。职业倦怠会破坏编辑自身的身心健康,影响整个组织的工作绩效,故对其实施干预对于我国期刊业的发展及编辑个人的发展都具有重要的意义。     

论学校文化与民族学生学业质量

本文运用文化人类学的研究方法,对影响民族学生学业质量的文化因素进行了深入的研究分析,在此基础上,以文化冲突等相关理论为依据,着重从文化的角度分析影响民族学生学业质量的办学理念、教师文化、物质文化、文化活动等学校文化因素,并进行理论解释和探讨.     

The economic analysis of social norms: A reappraisal of Hayek’s legacy

This paper is organized as follows: first, we show that the reference to the notion of group selection is coherent with the other parts of Hayek’s thought. Second, we develop the idea that recent works in terms of the emergence and evolution of social norms corroborate in part Hayek’s theses in this domain. Finally, we put to the fore some drawbacks in Hayek’s approach and propose means to solve them.