Beach safety education for primary school children

Childhood drowning remains a serious public health problem worldwide. The Australian Water Safety Council has set as one of its highest priorities the reduction of drowning deaths in children aged 0–14 years. However, concerns have recently been raised that many students completing primary school still lack the ability to recognize potential aquatic risks, cope with emergencies or assist someone else in danger. In this study, 107 primary school children aged 11–12 completed a one day training programme led by surf lifesaving instructors. Pre, post and eight week follow-up measures showed statistically significant improvements in recognition of the red ‘beach closed’ flag, aquatic safety signs, how to identify a rip current and choosing the safest place to swim at a beach that included a rip current in the picture. Following training students were more willing to provide first aid assistance to family members and friends in an emergency situation. Findings reinforce the value of school-based training that provides a general foundation for aquatic safety, with the caveat that current programmes must be evaluated to ensure their content has a robust prevention focus.     

After over 25 years of accrediting beaches,has Blue Flag contributed to sustainable management?

This paper examines the qualitative, quantitative, and geographical evolution (1987–2012) of the Blue Flag campaign and accreditation process in Spain, a leading coastal tourism destination heading the list of awards. The standard Blue Flag criteria for crowded, developed beaches are now adapting to new demands for natural beaches, but they still fail to capture essential sustainable tourism features, such as limiting user numbers, or preserving and restoring sand ecosystems. Given these shortcomings, some destinations are moving to alternative awards with a higher environmental commitment, such as EMS, ISO14001, and Eco-Management and Audit Schemes (EMAS). A cluster analysis of Blue Flag data for 983 beaches in Spain over 26 years revealed different behaviour patterns: established tourist areas that have always opted for the Blue Flag programme; tourist areas that adopted the Blue Flag early on but replaced it with ISO14001 and EMAS; recently developed destinations applying for the award to boost their tourism promotion; and tourist areas with no well-defined policy that have opted intermittently for Blue Flag. These profiles illustrate the different policies of Spain's Autonomous Regions, and they are useful for tourism managers to verify whether their destination's behaviour pattern contributes to sustainable tourism and matches strategic policies they have designed for them.     

“好客山东休闲汇”背景下的滨海休闲安全探讨

休闲是一种生命的状态,是人的一种生活方式。滨海地区气候宜人,滨海休闲活动备受大众亲睐。需要关注的问题是滨海地带自然环境特殊,空间跨度较大,安全事故时有发生。山东省滨海资源丰富,"好客山东休闲汇"应运而生。山东省应着力制定和完善休闲安全规制,健全区域安全管理部门,加强休闲安全知识的宣传和培训等方面工作,做好安全预防、预警管控,提高休闲区域的安全管理水平,从而保障山东省滨海休闲活动的持续健康发展。     

江苏沿海滩涂围垦生态重构关键技术及示范

在对现有沿海滩涂植物资源调查分析和耐盐植物新品种选育基础上,提出江苏沿海典型滩涂围垦区域生态重构关键技术,包括堤外原生湿地加速滩涂淤积关键技术、垦区海堤生态重构关键技术以及垦区堤内湿地生态建设等关键技术,并对其进行集成示范,为江苏沿海滩涂围垦与开发利用提供技术支撑。     

滩海陆岸及油气开发人工岛发证检验中的设计审查质量控制

为保障海上石油设施生产作业、人员生命和财产安全，我国在滩海陆岸及油气开发人工岛石油作业中实行第三方发证检验制度。设计审查是发证检验的关键环节，介绍了设计审查过程中质量控制的主要内容。     

滩海陆岸进海路及平台的质量控制

结合在垦东12区块进海路及海油陆采平台工程的质量检验，阐述了滩海陆岸设施建造施工检验阶段各质量要点。指出．滩海陆岸设施主体工程的质量控制归根到底是原材料和施工工序的质量控制。     

滩海油田开发特点及经济评价分析

胜利油田滩海油田与一般陆地油田相比，具有环境条件差、开发工程投资高，经济效益边际等特点，具有较大的投资风险，为降低投资风险，必须进行前期经济评价论证。通过对项目财务评价指标的测算和不确定性分析，为项目建设提供决策依据，确保该类油田能得到有效开发。     

The beach as a strategic element of governance for Spanish coastal towns

Governance models and future strategic visions for Spain's beach social–ecological systems are assessed using an online questionnaire. Beaches continue to represent the most valuable attraction for Spanish coastal towns, but their strategic vision regarding the beach consists more of it being a profitable attraction and of maintaining the traditional “sun and sand” model, rather than of planning strategically. There are three trends looking to 2020. First, beach resorts are becoming linked with culture and heritage, gastronomy, events and ecotourism to enhance their attraction capacity and competitiveness. Second, the coastal towns plan to reduce the strain on beaches by increasing the number of square metres of sand per user. Third, they plan to reduce the strain of the seasonal population compared to the year-round population. Two indices (Beach Quality and Governance Quality) and two factors (Beach Management Proximity and Tourist Resource Expectations) were developed to assess municipal beach governance frameworks, enabling us to construct a typology of four municipal governance models. The country follows a classical public hierarchical model of beach management. Other than at the local scale, beaches are not strategically managed. There is a lack of implementation of adaptive measures, collective actions, integrated management, or policy learning.     

Influence of the measurement of distance on assessment of recreation access

Residents’ recreation behavior is highly influenced by their level of access to recreation opportunities. Distance is an important component of access. The purpose of this study was to measure levels of access to public beaches in the Detroit Metropolitan Area (DMA) using four travel distances (1, 6, 10, and 20 miles) and three access measures (minimum distance, travel cost, and covering), with the intent of demonstrating the sensitivity of findings to both the distance and measure employed. Findings indicate that while public beaches are geographically accessible for a majority of the DMA population within 20 miles according to all access measures, at distances less than 20 miles level of access varies substantially with the access measure used. Future access studies should consider a range of travel distances rather than the single distance typical of most prior analyses and should also be sensitive to the differentials produced by the access measure employed.     

黄河滩区土地利用与防洪问题研究

黄河滩区现存的基本问题是黄河滩区旱涝灾害严重、农业生产条件较差，黄河滩区补偿政策落实不够、开发利用政策滞后，黄河滩区安全建设状况严重落后，防洪标准不足、洪水威胁依然存在。提出黄河滩区建设的总体目标、建立有特色的土地利用模式、对黄河滩区土地进行分区管理、修建引洪放淤工程、调整产业结构以及加快黄河滩区安全建设步伐等基本构想，以解决黄河滩区土地开发利用和防洪的诸多问题。