菜籽油生物柴油技术经济评价——基于全生命周期评价方法

采用全生命周期评价方法,对菜籽油制生物柴油的二氧化碳排放量和经济性进行了评估,旨在说明用菜籽油生产生物柴油对环境的影响及其经济价值。结果表明:在用菜籽油生产生物柴油的全生命周期过程中,排放入大气中的二氧化碳量远低于从大气中吸收的二氧化碳量,油菜籽制生物柴油是一种环境友好的燃料;就经济性而言,菜籽油制生物柴油的生产成本较高,每吨约高出0#柴油3178.2元,生物柴油的商业化应用尚需等待原料成本的降低。     

The Impact of an EU–US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement on Biofuel and Feedstock Markets

We assess the impact of a potential TTIP bilateral free trade agreement on the EU and US bio‐economies (feedstock, biofuels, by‐products, and related competing crops) and major trade partners in these markets. The analysis develops a multi‐market model that incorporates bilateral trade flows (US to EU, EU to US, and similarly with third countries) and is calibrated to the OECD‐FAO baseline for 2013–2022 to account for recent policy decisions. The major policy reforms from a TTIP involve tariff and TRQ liberalisation and their direct contractionary impact on US sugar supply, EU biofuel production, and indirect negative effect on US high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) production. EU sugar and isoglucose production expand along with US ethanol and biodiesel and oilseed crushing. EU sugar would flow to the US, US biofuels and vegetable oil to the EU. We further quantify non‐tariff measures (NTM) affecting these trade flows between the EU and the US. EU oilseed production contracts, and EU crushing expands with improving crushing margins following reduced NTM frictions. Our analysis reveals limited net welfare gains with most net benefits reaped by Brazil and not the two trading partners of the TTIP.     

餐饮废油的回收利用研究进展

综述了餐饮废油在制备生物柴油、化工原料、饲料、混凝土制品脱模剂等领域中的应用及研究进展．并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

东盟国家绿色清洁能源发展及其与我国的合作

东盟国家近年在生物能源等新能源发展方面采取了一系列的推进措施,已渐成规模,并形成了较为完善的政策框架和配套扶持体系,其经验值得我国借鉴,同时,中国-东盟在新能源领域的合作正逐步展开.     

我国发展生物柴油的不确定分析

随着中国经济对能源需求的增长以及化石能源所固有的环境污染、温室效应问题,我国近年来开展了一家列以生物柴油为目标的科研与生产。目前其成本计算大多都是基于现有的石化柴油与生物柴油的成本的简单比较,没有考虑到其他的成本因素,如:石油价格上涨可能带来以石油产品为原料的生物柴油原料的成本上升(成本推动效应);石油价格上涨必然带来农产品价格的上升或供应的减少,由于农产品之间存在资源或产品的竞争性,这些农产品价格的上升会从需求方面拉动生物柴油的原料价格上升(需求拉动效应);由于受到农业规模的限制,农业劳动力的转移或结构性限制,油菜籽的供给等其他成本因素也存在一些不确定性;以木本油料植物为原料的生物柴油,存在原料收集、储运成本高等问题。这些因素对生物柴油开发的效应只有在模型的基础上,通过系统的均衡分析才能加以回答。     

EU Policies on Bioenergy and their Potential Clash with the WTO

The paper outlines EU policy on bioenergy, including biofuels, in the context of its policy initiatives to promote renewable energy to combat greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The EU’s Member States are responsible for implementing EU policy: thus, the UK’s Renewables Obligation on electricity suppliers and its Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation and road‐fuel tax rebates are examined. It is unlikely that EU policy is in conflict with the WTO Agreement on Agriculture or that on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, but its provisions on environmental sustainability criteria could be problematic.     

生物柴油的发展思路与政策建议

生物柴油是清洁的可再生能源,具有良好的环保性能。发展生物柴油对于调整农业结构、增加农民收入、改善生态环境等具有重要意义。当前,我国生物柴油产业发展处于起步阶段,需要明确发展思路和政策：开展资源调查,制定产业发展规划;加强技术研发;培育持续稳定的市场需求,疏通销售渠道;制定生物柴油质量标准和生物柴油标准体系;加强部门之间的协调,处理好我国国内大型石油公司之间及其与民营企业、其他国有企业以及外资企业的关系。     

生物柴油制备方法的研究进展

生物柴油作为一种绿色的可再生能源,正逐步成为替代化石能源的研究热点。其制备分物理和化学两大类,在化学法中尤以酯交换法工业应用最为广泛。重点讨论了不同催化剂及其工艺路线下,酸、碱催化剂和生物酶等3种催化剂在酯交换过程中的应用,并对这些制备方法的优劣进行了初步的总结。     

生物柴油的制备方法及应用现状

石油能源紧张和油价的飙升,使人们越来越重视石油燃料的替代品。生物柴油是一种近年来备受关注的石油能源替代品,它不仅燃烧性能与石油柴油相当,且具有环境友好、资源可再生的优点,是替代石油柴油的理想燃料之一。本文介绍了生产生物柴油的主要制备方法、优缺点,及国内外生物柴油的生产使用现状。