禽流感危机下肉鸡产业市场状态分析*——基于互联网大数据和MS-VAR模型

[目的]为了有效应对禽流感冲击、维持肉鸡产业稳定健康发展。[方法]基于互联网大数据构建了禽流感舆情指数,选取2012年1月至2017年3月周度数据,通过MS-VAR模型分析了禽流感危机下肉鸡市场状态的转换特征以及不同市场状态下产业链价格传导关系。[结果]2012年以来可将肉鸡产业市场状态划分为危机状态和正常状态,肉鸡产业市场在两个市场状态下转换频繁;肉鸡产业危机市场状态和正常市场状态平均持续期分别为4.65周和9.05周;肉鸡市场在区制转移概率上存在明显的非对称特征;肉雏鸡、活鸡和白条鸡价格之间在危机状态下相关性小于正常市场状态下相关性;不同市场状态下肉鸡产业链价格传导存在差异;肉鸡产业市场在危机状态下不稳定程度明显增加。[结论]提出了加大对禽流感疫情的监测以及疫情处理能力,密切关注公众禽流感舆情动态变动情况,做好舆情引导,加强禽流感疫情科学知识的宣传,增强公众对禽流感的认知等对策建议。     

Effect of deep‐fat frying of potato chips and chicken on the quality of soybean oil

The type of products may affect the quality of oil during deep‐fat frying. The quality changes in pure soybean oil during frying of potato chips and chicken drumsticks were evaluated and compared. The oil was subjected to continuous frying at 180°C for a period of 315 min. The parameters used to assess the oil quality were peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), free fatty acids (FFA), refractive index (RI) and colour. The percentage of oil absorbed by the two products was determined. The oil was also assessed visually for any change in colour, viscosity, turbidity, flavour and deposit. Results showed that, for both products, PV, IV, FFA, RI and colour changed significantly with time (P < 0.05). Potato absorbed oil during frying (6.9%), whereas chicken released fat into the frying medium (2.4%). When the rates of change of the various parameters in the oils were compared for the two products, significant differences (P < 0.05) were noted for PV and colour only. The oil used during the frying of chicken appeared visually to be at a more advanced stage of deterioration.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱内标法测定鸡肉中金刚烷胺残留量的不确定度评定

目的:对鸡肉中金刚烷胺的残留量进行不确定度评定.方法:按照GB 31660.5—2019测定鸡肉中金刚烷胺残留量,建立测量不确定度模型,分析影响测定结果的各个分量,最后计算得到合成不确定度.结果:鸡肉中金刚烷胺残留量测定结果为(41.01±4.56)μg·kg-1(k=2).结论:标准曲线配置和标准曲线拟合是测量不确定度的两大主要来源,因此在实验操作过程当中需特别关注,提高实验结果的准确度.     

疫病净化对规模化养鸡场经济效益的影响分析

[目的][方法]利用全国297个规模养鸡场2011—2015年的调查数据,采用成本收益法及样本均值T检验讨论疫病净化对养鸡场成本、收入和利润的影响。[结果](1)从总体收益角度来看,蛋鸡场的净化收益高于肉鸡场,祖代及以上场的净化收益高于其他代次,东部地区养鸡场的净化收益相比中西部地区更佳。(2)从单只鸡净收益角度来看,疫病净化对单只肉鸡的收益影响大于蛋鸡,对混合代养鸡场单只鸡的收益影响大于其他代次。目前,仅有华东地区、华南地区和西北地区的已净化养鸡场单只鸡的净收益大于未净化场,其余区域均低于未净化场。(3)除2011年外,2012—2015年期间已净化养鸡场的总收益及单只鸡净收益均高于未净化场。并且随着时间的推移,已净化养鸡场单只鸡净收益与未净化养鸡场之间的差距正在扩大。[结论]开展疫病净化可以提高养鸡场的经济效益。     

Enhancing Poultry Industry Competitiveness: Consumer Perspective on Chicken Meat Quality Based on Sensory Characteristics

The increasing demand for chicken meat has caused producers to increase their productivity through enhanced production techniques. Further increase in demand for quality meat products has been predicted in the country. This study seeks to investigate factors that influence consumer perception toward chicken meat quality. Face-to-face interviews were carried out with 569 consumers at selected shopping malls located in Klang Valley areas. The majority of the respondents perceived quality as an important criterion for buying decisions. The finding revealed that nine factors have influenced consumer perception on meat quality, namely color, size, springiness, chicken aroma, fatty/oily taste, sweetness, visible fat, tenderness, and fibrousness. Among these factors, tenderness was found to be the most important criterion that influenced consumer preference toward chicken meat quality during buying decisions. Good production practices and proper marketing strategies are among recommendations to poultry industry players toward fulfilling consumer demand for good quality chicken meat.     

我国对美国白羽肉鸡产品反补贴案上游补贴规则的运用与述评

通过对美国肉鸡产品反补贴案法律规则适用情况的分析,发现这是我国商务部借鉴美国上游补贴规则的理论和实践,首次运用上游补贴规则进行补贴利益传递分析并做出肯定性裁决的案件。尽管在我国法律法规没有明文规定上游补贴规则的情况下,我国商务部的这种做法可能存在重大的法律瑕疵,但也表明了我国亟需制定上游补贴规则的紧迫现实。为此,现阶段我国的上游补贴立法和实践应注意投入产品所接受补贴的性质、上游补贴的保护对象、上游补贴的地域性限制及审慎适用等问题。     

清水县养殖园区小鸡大批量死亡原因调查分析

传染性法氏囊病病原在临床上出现较大的变异,鸡群发病后死亡率较高,对蛋鸡和肉鸡生产造成了极大的危害,甘肃清水县养殖园区四户小鸡发病后大批死亡,经临床诊断和实验室检测为传染性法氏囊病。     

Australia's Gone Chicken!

Abstract

The gross value of Australia's agriculture industry in 2001/2002 was A$38.4 billion with 65% allocated to exports. The major exports markets are South East Asia, Japan, USA, and the EU. Products include wool, beef, wheat, cotton, sugar, and wine. For Australia there have been significant changes over time in markets and production arrangements in the international arena. This is also true of the domestic market especially in the area of meat products. Australians, once dominant red meat eaters, have now “gone chicken.” The total yearly consumption of meats averages around 110 kg per person. Beef up until recent years has always been the dominant player. However, in the last 30 years chicken consumption has risen from being a marginal food item to being a product that is expected to eclipse beef consumption in the very near future. This paper explores the trends and examines the changes as they are reflected by the behaviour of consumers and market chain drivers. The paper provides suggestions that could be gainfully employed at the consumer behaviour levels for other meat producers.     

Estimating consumer preferences and willingness to pay for the underutilised indigenous chicken products

Indigenous chicken serves many functions, which include the provision of meat and eggs for home consumption and income from sales. The purpose of this study was to estimate the consumers’ responsiveness to an increase in prices of the indigenous chicken products and how much they are willing to pay for them in the market. The survey was conducted in the selected three regions of Kenya. A total of 930 respondents were interviewed both in the urban and rural areas. Contingent valuation experiment was used in empirical data collection. The two-step Heckman selection model was utilised to analyse consumers decisions and the amount they were willing to pay. The study results revealed that consumers are willing to pay 23.26% per kg more for indigenous chicken meat and 41.53% for eggs. Socioeconomic factors like age, income, education and family size significantly determines consumers’ willingness to pay. Other important factors include the indigenous chicken meat substitutes’ prices, attributes like taste/flavour and the product’s form on purchase. The yolk colour and size of eggs determined the consumers’ willingness to pay. Preferences for indigenous chicken products were found to be high. This information will assist in understanding both the urban and rural consumer’s behaviour. Therefore, useful for the indigenous chicken producers, breeders, marketers and policy makers in developing efficient production and marketing strategies. This would also provide a means of improving food security and livelihoods of the rural poor indigenous chicken farmers.     

软包装Q辣鸡米的质量控制与改善研究

近年来,随着我国经济水平的快速发展,人们的生活质量也有所提升.食品作为人们日常生活中不可或缺的物质基础之一,食品质量与安全引起社会各界的高度关注.尤其是一些软包装食品,因其风味独特、营养丰富、便于携带与保存等特点备受年轻人的青睐.目前软包装的食品种类繁多,但除了配料有所不同外,生产工艺基本相同.本文以软包装Q辣鸡米为例,对其制作过程中的质量控制与改善进行研究,以期为同类食品的质量控制提供参考.