共享单车预付押金的法律性质及其法律规制

共享单车预付押金收取模式的异变和返还期限的错配与分离，颠覆了“一物一押”的传统押金结构，异变为“一人一押、一物多押”“一辆单车、多份押金”的新型结构，并使共享单车预付押金朝金融化衍变而呈现出类金融色彩。在免押模式尚不足以全面施行的条件下，应采取特殊的规制方法，通过规范押金收取协议，对预付押金进行账户隔离和妥善保管，增强押金收取、存管和退还的信息透明度，合理利用押金孳息建立行业风险基金以及统一监管机构，有效保护共享经济预付押金的财产安全。     

建立我国对BOT投资方式的政府保证制度

BOT是一种在世界上很多国家都已实行的引资方式，在发展中国家尤有必要。我国在进行西部开发的过程中，对能源、电力、交通基础设施的建设更应引入BOT方式，以吸引民间资本的投入。有关BOT项目的研究表明，在法律框架内BOT的可行性研究更为重要。本通过分析认为BOT方式在中国要得到大的发展，必须建立相应的政府保证制度。     

我国风电特许权招标项目实施情况及综合分析

对2003年以来由国家发展改革委员会牵头组织开展的风电特许权项目招投标情况、电价水平以及相关问题等进行了概述和总结分析,并介绍了2003-2005年各年风电特许权示范项目情况及2006年特许权招标的基本原则,供关注我国风电发展的社会各界参考.     

清末直隶地方自治兴起的背景分析

直隶地方自治的产生不仅与中国古代社会的“郡县论”和“封建论”有关，而且还从日本地方自治中汲取了丰富的营养。天津租界对直隶地方自治产生了较强的示范效应。袁世凯继承了“都统衙门”所设的新型社会组织制度，并使其成为直隶地方自治的重要组成部分。     

基于目标替代率的税延型商业养老保险扣除限额优化研究

我国养老保障体系三支柱发展严重失衡,为了缓解基本养老保险的压力,提升养老保险替代率,商业养老保险的发展迫在眉睫,税收递延型商业养老保险也开始试点。在2018年个税改革后,目前税收递延型商业养老保险推行办法下,中低收入群体无法享受实际税收优惠,高收入群体可享受的税收优惠有限且过低。本文以替代率为基准,根据精算平衡原理构建模型,对扣除限额进行优化研究,试图测算出与新个税办法匹配且有利于多层次收入水平的消费个体享受实际税优的扣除限额。同时,本文还对不同扣除限额下开始购买保险年龄、个税起征点、个人收益率及初始收入水平这四个参数变化对实际税优额的影响做了分析,得出所测算出的扣除限额的确较现行扣除限额更为合理,并提出了相关对策建议。     

基础设施BOT项目中的政府担保与最优特许期

为了吸引国内外财团、公司企业,以及个人等非政府投资主体投资于中国基础设施项目建设,政府必须对投资者无法通过市场行为进行控制的非市场风险因素提供担保。本文在分析基础设施项目政府担保行为的基础上,将政府担保价值引入特许期谈判博弈模型,分析政府担保对最优特许期决策的影响,并为政府特许期决策提供政策建议。     

Tracing the history of Japanese commerce and consumption from the Genki to the Heisei era

Commerce enables the flourishing of cities. This article reviews three books on the evolution of commercial activities in Japan; including, a samurai’s account, a foreign concession’s window, and the role of shopping in Modern Japan. Lust, Commerce, and Corruption discusses how various social groups’ commercial activities influenced societal developments from the Genki (1570–1573) to the Bunka era (1804–1818). Opening a Window to the West is unique in the author’s detailed characterizations of Kōbe’s mercantile activities and how merchants influenced the city’s urban development. Finally, Marketing and Consumption in Modern Japan provides systematic investigations of the evolution of commerce and consumption in Japan, mostly from the Meiji (1868–1912) to the present Heisei era (1989 onwards). Read together, these books provide vital perspectives on how commerce has changed in urban Japan over the last three centuries.     

Whether low-cost-carrier passengers spend more on duty-free goods at the airport? Evidence from Incheon International Airport

With a dramatic growth in the low-cost carrier (LCC) traffic around the world, many airports have built budget terminals to accommodate the LCC flights with cheaper airport charge to the airlines but inferior shopping environment and service quality to the passengers. This study aims to answer the following research questions: i). Whether the LCC passengers have higher purchasing power than FSC (full-service carrier) passengers for the airport concessions, particularly the duty-free goods? ii). Would the budget terminal design contribute to or jeopardize the LCC passengers' airport concession expenditure? iii). How could the airport operator maximize its concession revenue by re-designing terminal or re-allocating flight slots? We collect the actual airport duty-free transaction data from Incheon International Airport (ICN) for an empirical investigation. Our empirical evidence first suggests that LCC passengers could have comparable or even higher purchasing power than FSC passengers in consuming duty-free goods at the airport. Among all the LCC passengers, Chinese have the highest purchasing power. Second, the inferior shopping environment and service quality of budget terminal seriously jeopardize the duty-free sales from the LCC passengers. Third, counterfactual analyses show that, if ICN could convert its budget terminal into a conventional terminal, 44 million USD more duty-free sales can be generated per year. Even keeping the current terminal design, re-allocating the LCC flights between the budget terminal and conventional terminal could bring approximately 4.9 million USD more duty-free sales per year. The findings provide managerial implications to ICN and other airports for effective airport revenue management. First, the budget terminal design may not be ideal to accommodate LCC traffic as it damages the concession revenue from particular LCC passengers with high purchasing power. Second, exploring the concession revenue from the growing LCC traffic could help maintain an airport's advantage in aeronautical charge under single-till regulation.     

基础设施特许经营中承诺与再谈判研究综述

在基础设施产业特许经营中,由于政府承诺能力的缺失,存在着大量失败的案例。已有文献分析了政府承诺能力缺失的原因,主要分为政府主观性的动机和特许权本身的客观性问题。承诺能力的缺失对投资产生了负激励。针对政府承诺能力缺失的救济方式,可分为一般救济和再谈判救济。但再谈判可能损害消费者的利益。因而,设计合理的可用的再谈判机制,制定规范的再谈判程序,是基础设施产业特许经营合约再谈判研究的可扩展方向。     

基础设施特许经营中特许权期的决策分析

特许权期限是基础设施特许经营和特许权合约设计中需要考虑的一个重要条款和参数,影响特许权期决策的关键因素是政府实施该特许权项目的主要目标和项目建设与运营过程中的投资特点,因此应根据特许经营的主要目标和项目的特性分不同类型来考虑特许权期限。