浅谈如何确保企业质量体系有效运行

企业在取得ISO9000质量体系认证后,应正确对待所取得的证书,并采取有效措施,确保质量体系能够持续有效的运行。结合工作实际情况,对维持质量体系有效运行的几种措施进行了详细的阐述。     

营销渠道中的渠道关系、权力使用与投机行为

文章基于营销渠道行为及关系营销理论,以制造商与其经销商之间的关系为研究平台,检验了制造商的关系营销导向以及跨组织私人关系对其使用权威机制以及经销商投机行为的影响。研究结果表明:制造商的关系营销导向对于其使用非强制性权力有显著的正向影响,对其使用强制性权力虽然没有直接影响,但会通过跨组织私人关系(情感性与工具性)产生负向影响;制造商与其经销商之间的跨组织私人关系(情感性与工具性)会抑制制造商使用强制性权力,工具性私人关系会促进其使用非强制性权力;制造商使用强制性权力会加重经销商的投机行为。最后,讨论了研究结果与应用及未来的研究方向。     

高校女生学习健美操运动的兴趣因素分析

健美操运动虽然与其他体育项目相比发展时间不长,由于具有一定的地域文化基础,可操作性比较强,所以越来越多的人将健美操运用于自己身体锻炼之中。文章通过文献资料法、调查法、访谈法对高校女大学生学习健美操运动的动机进行研究与分析。     

浅谈容器焊接变形的预防措施

在容器焊接完毕后,往往因存在焊接残余应力而导致焊件变形。针对出现的收缩变形、角变形、弯曲变形、扭曲变形和波浪变形,本文阐述了其产生的原因,并提出了相应的预防和矫正措施。     

健美操多媒体课件的设计与制作

高校健美操多媒体课件的制作应以设计优化为前提,收集、编辑相关资料为关键,在教学内容上注重突出重点、难点,分清主次,充分体现集动画、影像、声音、文字于一体的优势。     

健美操教学中合作学习法的应用

在健美操教学过程中,采用固定学习小组的形式进行合作学习,有利于促进人际交流,培养集体意识和竞争精神,不仅活跃课堂气氛,更能激发学生的学习热情,从而提高学习效果。     

浅谈组织如何有效开展内部质量体系审核

简要介绍组织应科学制定内审计划，认真实施内审计划，并从注重审核方法，注重纠正措施的落实，加大整改力度等方面，来提高内部质量体系审核的有效性。     

Corrective Taxes under Oligopoly with Inter-Firm Externalities

Pollution externalities between polluters should be taken into account in the design of corrective taxes. When the externalities are substantial and/or the number of polluters is large, the effluent levies on these firms do not necessarily result in a deadweight loss. Consequently, the second-best tax exceeds the marginal social cost of pollution. A more general rule is that the tax rate should be greater than the marginal social cost of pollution if and only if a marginal increase in the tax rate results in opposite effects on the changes of equilibrium emission level and output.     

我国农村金融“双失灵”及其矫正路径

农村经济社会发展离不开农村金融的支持,但我国农村金融却长期存在着市场与政府的"双失灵"问题.政府对农村金融的不恰当的干预不仅未能有效弥补市场机制的缺陷,相反还加剧了农村金融市场失灵,因而政府失灵是农村金融失灵的核心.只有正确处理好政府与市场的关系、合理界定政府与市场的边界、培育和完善农村金融市场,才能有效解决农村金融失灵问题.并提出了矫正我国农村金融"双失灵"的基本思路.     

The over-optimism among experts in assessment and foresight

It is still disputed whether foresight exercises should be based on top-expert assessments or on a broader base of less specialised experts, and whether the self-rating of experts is an acceptable method. Using the German 1993 and the Austrian 1998 Technology Delphis, this study addresses both questions. Self-rating is, in fact, an appropriate method for selecting experts. But the assessment of self-rated top experts tend to suffer from an optimism bias due to the experts' involvement and their underestimation of realisation and diffusion problems. The degree of optimism is positively correlated with the degree of self-rated knowledge, and it is more pronounced for the least pioneering and for organizational innovations. Experts with top self-ratings working in business have a stronger optimism bias than those working in the academia or in the administration: Consistent with the insider hypothesis, they are most optimistic with regard to realisation, innovativeness, and potential leadership in economic exploitation. Given the optimism bias, foresight exercises should base their panels on a fair mixture of experts of different grades, with different types of knowledge and affiliation, and not only on top specialists of the respective field. Delphi-type exercises, therefore, offer an advantage relative to forum groups or small panels of specialists.