Institutional design and the closure of public facilities in transition economies

As part of the reforms of their systems for financing and delivering health care, many transition economies, particularly in central and eastern Europe, have adopted national insurance funds that are institutionally separate from ministries of health. Most of these countries have also grappled with the problem of restructuring the delivery system, especially the need to reduce hospital capacity. Although improving the performance of medical care providers through a shift from passive budgeting to explicitly incentive mechanisms is important, why this change in financial relations between the government and providers could not be implemented simply by reforming the role of health ministries is not obvious. This paper presents an explicit rationale for the separation of powers between the regulator (the ministry of health) and the financing body (the insurance fund), based on the inability of a single agency to commit to closing hospitals. JEL classification: L51, P20, P35, I18.     

Capital market trading volume: an overview and some preliminary conclusions

This paper suggests an explanation for the heavy trading volumeobserved on the US capital markets, the world's largest. Heterodoxeconomic theory puts much of this volume down to speculation.Mainstream theory tends to support this thesis, either directlyor indirectly, by giving space to the idea that trading activityis for the most part exogenous to the functioning of the capitalmarkets. The central hypothesis of this paper is that the tradingvolumes observed are an endogenous feature of the capital markets,because they are to a great extent determined by the needs ofthe institutional investors who predominate on these markets.This endogeneity of trading is posited in connection with theemergence of a new ‘core–satellite’ paradigmin institutional investment, a development that essentiallymanifests the asset-management industry's transformation froma small industry serving a few wealthy clients to a mass industryserving large sections of the population.     

Optimising a Probabilistic Model of the Development of Play in Soccer

We present a probabilistic model based on the one developed by Hernández Mendo and Anguera (Revista de Psicologíca Social, 16(1), 71–93, 2001). Here we have tried to break down the interaction contexts that the opposing teams are able to generate and transform during the game. We are aware that a given player or team does not produce consistent behaviour in similar situations. However, a degree of uncertainty is assumed to exist regarding whether the results obtained are a specific function of the analysis used. In order to carry out this research a category system which optimized that used in the previous model was developed. This system should enable the interaction between teams to be observed within the actual play of a soccer game. A lag sequential analysis was performed on the basis of a coding of the behavioural flow. After describing the behavioural patterns obtained a probabilistic model of the development of play in soccer is proposed.     

论＂无为而无不为＂命题的伦理依寓

＂无为而无不为＂命题只有依寓在道德王国里才能获得现实可能性。该命题的行为主体所指——圣人内涵着对崇高品性追求的伦理预设,其前提条件＂无不为＂和＂无为＂必然关涉到圣人＂为天下式＂和＂功遂身退＂的道德内蕴,＂圣人之道为而不争＂决定了该命题的语境性质全在伦理一维。     

“室内设计原理”课程的教学改革探讨

＂室内设计原理＂课程是室内设计方向的主干课程之一,在专业课程教学中占有重要的地位。针对＂室内设计原理＂课程的教学现状及存在的问题,提出从教学方法、教学手段及考核评价机制入手对＂室内设计原理＂课程教学改革进行探讨,以期成为室内设计方向其他专业课程教学改革的重要切入点。     

园林景观规划设计与地域文化

地域文化的缺失导致园林景观规划设计及其实施效果呈现雷同的趋势,通过提出规划设计中地域文化的范畴和意义,强调了体现地域文化在规划设计中的重要性。借助三个实际的规划设计案例从宏观角度提出规划概念应与地域自然特点、人文特点等要素有机结合,从而从微观角度提出设计可采用保留、抽取、融合、再现等手法来体现地域文化。此外,在规划设计中运用地域文化应该注意契合性、创新性、烂漫性及可实施性等的几个方面的问题。     

现代经济学的西方化与中国经济学人的边缘化--经济学队伍中地区结构失衡的文化因素探析

现代主流经济学队伍中存在明显的区域结构失衡,有影响的中国经济学人以及受儒家文化影响的学者非常罕见。究其原因在于,现代主流经济学具有强烈的“西方化”特征：不仅反映的是西方人的心理、思维及行为,而且较为适用于西方社会的现实环境,从而极大地限制了中国经济学人的研究及其相应的贡献。文章认为经济学理论本身都嵌入在特定的文化和心理意识之中,中国经济学人要在经济学领域取得广为认同的学术贡献,必须构建嵌入本土文化和心理意识的中国经济学范式。     

中小企业融资理论新范式：借贷技术述评

Berger和Udell（2006）提出的中小企业融资理论新范式颠覆了传统的融资观念,并由此引发了一系列理论和实证研究。文章通过回顾近年来国内外的相关文献,以中小企业借贷技术为主线,分别从借贷技术研究新进展、商业银行的借贷技术实践和借贷技术的国别应用差异三方面展开综述。研究显示,未来商业银行成功开展中小企业融资服务应着力于借贷技术的交叉使用、综合金融服务的提供以及制度环境的改善。在中国,公平的企业竞争环境以及恰当的借贷技术应用是较为合适的中小企业融资改善路径。     

窨井盖设计:创意与功能的定位考察--从城市规划的文化品位视角

本文介绍了欧美国家及日本的城市窨井盖创意思路,剖析了我国城市规划中窨井盖设计的问题及现状,提出了在保证窨井盖实现其市政设施功能的同时,赋予其更多的功能,如：指示路标功能、广告宣传功能、传承地方文化功能等。本文意在强调要以新颖的设计创意与多元功能定位的思路,给予窨井盖以持久鲜活的生命与活力,增添文化元素,提高窨井盖功能,这有助于提升市政规划的文化品位。