Considering Aquacultural Externality in Coastal Land Allocation Decisions in India

Commercial aquaculture in India has come under attack for having caused negative agricultural and environmental impacts. This paper formulates an interactive model of non-renewable and renewable resources to characterize land allocations between aquaculture and agriculture in ecologically and economically sustainable fashion. Through an empirical application, various economic and policy circumstances that affect the optimal land allocation mix are evaluated. The aquaculture industry must address two economic effects: off-site negative effects on renewable food and other coastal resources, and on-site self-pollution of shrimp ponds. Current regulatory and land-use policies are inadequate to address these effects.     

我国海洋养殖资源资产流失量价值模型构建

海洋养殖资源资产的流失已成为制约养殖业发展的重要因素之一。本文通过对养殖资源及养殖资源资产流失的界定,在资源所有者的所有权受损和海域低效利用基础上提出流失量价值即为海洋养殖资源资产价值与国家养殖资源资产总收益的差值,并将海水资源价值、环境成本价值和养殖成本价值作为养殖资源资产的总价值。     

Risk perception and risk management in Norwegian aquaculture

This exploratory study seeks to provide empirical knowledge about fish farmers' risk attitudes, risk sources and risk management tools by presenting the results from a survey among Norwegian fish farming companies. The results show that fish farmers think of themselves as only moderately risk averse compared, for instance, to crop and livestock farmers. The most important sources of risk are considered to be future salmon prices, institutional risks and fish diseases, while keeping costs low is the most important risk management tool.     

Aquaculture: an emerging issue for public concern

The present paper reviews the literature on the risks and benefits of aquaculture. By bringing together sources from both natural sciences and social sciences, we provide a synthesis of perspectives on the relatively novel activity of modern aquaculture. This review consists of three parts: first, a background to aquaculture; second, an overview of the scientific risks and benefits; and third, an introduction to the related public perception issues. We establish five main risk‐related areas: human health, environment, organizational, fish welfare, and social issues and utilize these to highlight potential divergences in expert and lay perceptions. Drawing on findings from the risk perception literature, particularly those related to previous food‐related controversies, it is argued that aquaculture incorporates a range of issues, which have already been shown to be a catalyst for public concern. As such, we conclude that, in addition to natural science studies, aquaculture requires a social science approach in order to be able to anticipate and address future controversies in a timely and efficient manner. However, to date, only few articles address aquaculture from a social science perspective, and the present paper is offered as a step in this direction.     

洞庭湖区淡水渔业发展现状和制约因素分析——以湖南南县为例

南县是湖南省高效渔业先进县,也是洞庭湖淡水渔业县的典型代表。改革以来,南县淡水渔业得到了快速发展。本文结合实际调研与历史数据,分析了南县淡水渔业发展情况,并从产业链环节分析了存在的问题,提出了加强养殖环节基础设施建设支持力度、加强技术培训、加快水产品批发市场和信息渠道建设、发展水产加工业、培育社会化服务组织、落实池塘使用权证等相关政策建议。     

舟山市对虾养殖业可持续发展的问题及对策

近几年来,舟山市的对虾养殖业发展迅速,为舟山市的粮食安全、食物供给、经济增长、就业做出了很大贡献。然而,对虾养殖所产生的环境、社会和经济问题也不断暴露,对虾养殖业的可持续发展问题面临巨大挑战。论文首先阐述了水产养殖业可持续发展的理论由来,接着分析了舟山市对虾养殖业目前的发展状况,最后针对舟山市对虾养殖业中出现的各种问题,提出了相应的政策建议,为舟山市对虾养殖确定科学的发展方向提供了一定参考。     

中国鲟鱼养殖产业发展战略思考

鲟鱼在我国境内自然分布的有2科3属共8种,在攻克其人工繁殖和苗种驯养技术后,人工养殖区域逐步扩大。2012年,我国鲟鱼产量达到55184吨,鱼籽酱产量约30吨,鲟鱼养殖产业链基本形成,在全球鲟鱼产业中的重要地位日益显现。归纳其成功经验主要得益于：一是科技推动与示范作用,二是政策引导作用,三是龙头企业引领作用。然而,产业的快速发展也使得鲟鱼种质资源利用不合理、产业规模化技术瓶颈、国内企业恶性竞争、国内市场消费水平低等制约因素逐步显现,作者提出产业发展战略目标,认为目前只有从规范行业运转模式、加强鲟鱼科技创新、实施配额制度、完善相关行政法规等角度人手,才能保障我国鲟鱼产业的可持续发展。     

Enhancing direct regional agro-aqua tourism entrepreneurial marketing by farmers＇ market or community supported agriculture in small and medium agro marketing enterprises in Malaysia

The purpose of this study is attempting to examine the feasibility application of the concept of enhancing the Direct Regional Agriculture, Aquaculture and Tourism Entrepreneurial Marketing （DRAATEM） and the Small and Medium Agro Marketing Enterprises （SMAMEs） in Malaysia. This collaborative marketing concept will solve the local agro-aqua and tourism fraternities＇ plight where they are constantly preyed by the marketing scavengers or middleman and the possibility of entrepreneurial ventures by the farmers themselves. The methodology used is to determine the feasibility of Direct Regional Agro-Aqua and Tourism Entrepreneurial Marketing （DRAATEM） in SMAMEs that comprising local farmers in agriculture, aquaculture and its association, Ministry of Agriculture （agencies including district agriculture department, irrigation department, FAMA） and Tourism Industry （local tourist agencies and operator）. Local agro-aqua farmers＇ demographic factors （gender, race, academic level, knowledge and experiences of agro and aqua） will also examine to determine the feasibility of Direct Regional Agro Aqua Tourism Entrepreneurial Marketing concept. This study found that, there is a significant difference among factors stated with the enhancing of Direct Regional Agro Aqua Tourism Marketing Entrepreneurial concept in the Small and Medium Agro Aqua Tourism Marketing Enterprise management. The initiatives and eagerness to be successful in this concept depend on the inter-relatedness and collaborative of the tri-party of agro-aqua and tourism fraternities which constitute to the improving of their income, livelihood and generate national economy. In addition, the leadership quality of local farmer＇s cooperative, networking facility and agro-aqua knowledge are another three essential factors found to be the strong fundamental of improving the income and livelihood of local farmers. The implication of this study is upgrading of farmers income and livelihood minus the role of middleman by enhancing Direct Regional Agro-Aqua Tourism Entrepreneurial Marketing concept which is a pivotal role in managing agro sector effectively. This could contribute since agriculture is considered as the third engine of growth in the Malaysian economy. The devised models could be used to achieve the goal. As well as to provide further groundwork to assist existing and would be agro managers; entrepreneurs or agro-agencies to upgrade farmers＇ income and generate country＇s economy by enhancing Direct Regional Agro-Aqua Tourism Entrepreneurial Marketing （DRAATEM） concept in Small and Medium Agro Marketing Enterprises （SMAMEs）.     

我国养殖渔业权制度问题探讨

养殖渔业权制度是我国渔业权制度的重要组成部分。本研究在回顾60多年来我国渔业发展历程的基础上,分析了我国水产养殖业制度创新、管理创新和技术创新的经验,指出我国水产养殖业高速发展过程中出现的一系列问题:养殖渔业权物权属性的民法根据有待明确,土地及养殖水面承包经营权有待稳定,土地及养殖水面承包经营权流转有待规范,养殖渔业权补偿制度有待完善,养殖户承包经营负担有待减轻,管理服务体系有待健全,等等。为尽快稳定与完善水产养殖业的制度基础,必须坚持水产养殖基本经营制度不动摇,完善法律法规体系;坚持科学规划,实施严格的用途管制制度;明确水面所有权主体,解决所有权缺位问题;明确物权属性,确保养殖权长久不变;明确政策界限,确保承包经营权流转沿着健康轨道进行;建立健全管理服务体系,夯实保护养殖权的基础。     

长江河口淡水资源开发的一个新思路--建设大型河口边滩水库:没冒沙水库

长江水量充沛,而上海对其利用不够充分,目前还是水质型缺水城市,经过调查研究,我们提出建设没冒沙水库,进一步开发长江口的淡水资源的设想,没冒沙水库受到外海盐水入侵的影响,但季节性(洪季)的淡水资源较充足,淡水出现机率达到76．98％～82．94％,而枯季也有时段性的淡水资源存在,机率为35％～42％。没冒沙水库地处浦尔新区,能为浦东新区的开发就近提供大节的生态、生活用水,它将成为上海市水源的重要组成部分。