行为经济学视角下的就业问题分析——以大学生就业为例

大学毕业生就业难是带有普遍性的问题,其中的原因可归结为两个方面,一方面是就业市场需求等外部因素;另一方面是大学生对待就业和择业的非理性行为等自身因素,这是对大学生就业影响更大但通常被忽视的一个方面.从行为经济学视角分析,这种非理性行为产生的原因在于行为人在不确定条件下决策时的各种认知偏差,其后果是降低就业成功率,加大就业风险.为此,提出防范大学毕业生非理性行为及减小就业风险的一系列对策.  

河北省省属骨干大学经管类学术型硕士研究生生源质量评价研究

硕士研究生教育质量问题研究已经成为中国高等教育大众化发展阶段的重要课题之一,其中,硕士研究生的生源质量问题是研究生的教育质量问题的一个重要组成部分。以河北省省属骨干高校的研究生生源信息为研究依据,建立学术型研究生生源质量评价体系,其中包括成绩指标、结构指标、整体指标和综合素质四个方面。通过专家打分获得相应权重,利用所建立的体系和权重,对2007—2009年河北省省属骨干大学经管类学术型硕士研究生生源质量进行了综合评价。  

林业院校化学学科研究生创新能力培养的研究

加强林业院校化学学科研究生创新能力培养,要改革研究生招生模式,严把生源质量关;完善研究生创新课程体系,建立新型培养模式;健全研究生的创新体制,加强创新管理;将科学研究与研究生创新意识和创新能力的培养紧密结合;加强导师队伍建设;建立多层次、全方位的研究生奖助体系;加强国际合作与交流。。  

对硕士研究生创新能力的影响因素及对策分析

该文通过分析硕士研究生自主创新现状及原因，认为在导师队伍、学生素质、教学内容和教学模式等各方面存在诸多问题。指出研究生创新能力的培养是一个系统工程，研究生科研创新能力关系国家未来的整体创新能力，对国家创新体系有着重要影响。建议严格导师遴选制度，完善学术监管与创新机制，加大经费投入，营造创新环境和氛围，走产学研相结合的道路。认为必须培育研究生创新理念，不断激发研究生的创新热情和创造能力，才能培养新时期优秀的高级人才队伍。  

硕士研究生培养现状的实证分析——基于新疆农业大学330名硕士生的调查

硕士研究生教育从一定层面上可反映一个学校人才培养的水平,对提高高校竞争力、培养创新型人才、提升学术影响力具有重要意义.本文通过对新疆农业大学330名应届毕业硕士研究生的问卷调查,描述了硕士生培养在入学动机及其主观能动性、基本的生活支出状况、发表学术论文、毕业后的去向等几方面的情况,分析其中存在的问题,并提出改革研究生培养机制、健全对导师的监督管理评价体系、强化实践育人等建议.  

高校毕业生就业风险因素分析及其防范

首先，指出高校毕业生就业过程中可能存在着失业、人身或财产损失、合法权益受损、就业歧视、实际收入低于预期等风险；接着，作者认为毕业生风险意识淡薄，市场微观主体行为失范，市场功能不完善，制度缺失、监管缺位，高等教育反市场因素的存在是造成高校毕业生就业风险的主要原因；最后，提出应通过加强就业指导、提高学生维权意识和能力，完善就业法律法规、加强政府监管力度，积极推进教育教学改革，完善市场功能，加强信用信息体系建设等方式构建全方位的就业风险防范体系。  

研究生教育中的知识产权问题及对策思考

探讨了研究生教育中存在的种种知识产权问题,分析了其危害性,试图从研究生的培养过程、学术评价的导向、对学术不良行为惩处不严、未注意培养研究生的基本学术道德和学术素养4个方面追溯问题产生的原因,在此基础上提出解决研究生教育中知识产权问题的相应对策。  

Selecting successful students? Undergraduate grades as an admission criterion

In Europe’s reformed education system, universities may be forced by law to consider undergraduate grade point average (UGPA) as the primary admission criterion in the selection of graduate students. In this article, we investigate whether UGPA predicts graduate student performance in order to discuss its usefulness as an admission criterion. In our theoretical framework, we show that undergraduate students may choose slower study progress in favour of receiving higher grades and conclude that UGPA is a relatively good (weak) predictor for graduate grade point average (study progress). Having data from a cohort of students whose selection was in clear conflict with the legal requirement, we empirically confirm our theoretical predictions by exploiting a unique opportunity for assessing educational policies. Discussion of our findings leads to some important conclusions concerning the Bologna reforms and the lawmakers’ idea of giving some independence to universities, but not too much of it.  

Teacher training for PhD students and new faculty in economics

Past studies suggest that a majority of economics graduate students engage in teaching-related activities during graduate school and many go on to academic positions afterwards. However, not all graduate students are formally prepared to teach while in graduate school nor are they fully prepared to teach in their first academic position. The authors characterize current teaching experience and training of graduate students from the point of view of directors of graduate studies and of newly minted academic economists. The authors also query department chairs and new faculty about teacher training, support available for new faculty, and the degree to which newly hired Ph.D. economists are prepared to teach. Findings indicate that while some training is available, there is room for enhancing teacher training in economics.  

Preparing Graduate Students in Economics for Teaching: Survey Findings and Recommendations

Survey data from PhD-granting economics departments are used to assess the teaching preparation of graduate students in economics. The results show that relatively few departments require graduate student instructors to take a credit course in teaching before teaching their own course or leading a recitation section. Although more graduate student instructors are required to take a noncredit course in teaching before serving as an instructor or recitation leader, the value of such noncredit courses may be limited. The assessment of teaching preparation by department chairs shows mixed responses, with about three-fifths rating it as very good or good and about two-fifths considering it to be only adequate or poor. Recommendations are offered for improving the teaching preparation of graduate student instructors in economics.