Shutting up shop: understanding the international exit process in retailing

Internationalisation is a much-studied phenomenon. Exit from international markets has been less analysed. Where it has been studied, most work has been on motives and causes, with relatively little on processes. This article explores the process of international exit in a retail context. It examines the run-up to, announcement of and fall-out from the decision by Marks and Spencer (one of Britain's leading retailers) to close its French stores. The article concludes that understanding the process of market exit is at least as important both for theoretical and practical reasons as understanding the decision to exit or divest. Further research needs to be undertaken on market exit and the processes involved, in order to contribute further to the theory and practice of internationalisation.     

大学毕业生职业生涯规划初探

文章说明了大学毕业生职业生涯规划内涵，论述了职业生涯规划的意义，对大学毕业生如何制定适合自身的职业生涯规划提出了具体的建议。     

Driver education: how effective?

Abstract

In the early 20th century, the numbers of motor vehicles in use grew rapidly in the USA, Canada, and many European countries. By the 1930s, the number of automobile crashes and the resulting deaths and injuries was a significant problem and various safety organizations tried to address it with education and publicity programs aimed at changing driver behaviour. It is not clear when the high crash risks of young drivers were first identified, but in the early 1930s driver education courses began to be offered in US high schools (feasible because US licensing ages were 16 or younger) and soon such courses were being touted (with no evidence) as ‘the most obvious way’ to reduce traffic crashes. Over the years many claims were made for the effectiveness of high school driver education, however, it was not until the late 1960s that competent research studies (including randomized control trials) were undertaken. The consistent findings from these studies have been that high school driver education does not reduce crashes. Furthermore, the trained students get their licenses sooner, and because teenagers have very high crash risks, the net result of high school driver education is increased numbers of crashes.     

双重选择框架下的大学毕业生部门工资差异

利用2008届全国大学毕业生抽样数据,在同时纠正就业与否和部门选择两种选择性偏差的前提下,利用Neumark分解方法测算了公、私部门的工资差异构成,并分性别进行了考察。结果发现,“211”院校毕业、有良好家庭背景或来自于中西部地区的大学毕业生更容易进入公有部门,专业为法学、理学或来自于中西部不发达地区的大学毕业生更不容...