联合国对住房权实现的指标化评估与监控框架

对于一项权利而言,其实现与保障是最为核心和根本的问题。作为一种基本人权的公民住房权,目前在世界各国、尤其是发展中国家面临严峻的挑战。但由于缺乏统一的方法和解决路径,我们无法深入地揭示人类住房权实现与保障中存在的关键性困境和障碍,也就无法有效地推动住房权实现进程。联合国人居署在内罗毕会议上制定了一套具有重要参考价值的住房权指标体系,包含住房适足性指标、强制驱逐指标、露宿指标、平等性指标、法律保障指标、国际融入指标等,为建立普遍适用的住房权评估与监控机制提供了重要的基础框架。该框架还有许多亟待补充和完善之处,但其为推动人类住房权的实现与保障提供了极具价值的计量方法,开启了人类住房权事业的新纪元。     

关于煤矿作业人员安全心理测评指标体系的探讨

对人因失误进行分析并将煤矿人因失误典型进行分类,探讨人因失误原因,对煤矿特殊情况下的事故类型和人员心理进行分析,对煤矿作业人员进行访谈,根据访谈和调研结果,编制出和煤矿安全心理有关的45项指标,并发放心理素质问卷调查表。根据调查表统计分析,得出影响煤矿作业人员安全行为较大的18项指标,经过专家评议,最终确定了煤矿作业人员安全心理测评指标体系。     

小城镇可持续发展评价指标体系研究

小城镇建设对加快我国的城市化进程具有十分重要的战略意义,小城镇健康、可持续发展是农村经济发展,乃至社会发展的大问题。要评价和研究小城镇的可持续发展能力,就必须建立小城镇可持续发展评价指标体系。文章就建立小城镇可持续发展评价指标体系时应遵循的基本理念和基本原则展开讨论,力求构建小城镇可持续发展评价指标体系的基本框架。     

河北省制造业竞争力测评与实证研究

河北省制造业近年来有了非常大的发展,但也存在盲目投资、重复建设、产业竞争力资源极度分散、高技术产业含量严重偏低等问题。构建河北省制造业竞争力模型分析得出:制定河北省制造业发展规划时应加大对固定资产的投入和对外商直接投资的引进力度,加快城市化建设和提高工人报酬等。     

‘MODERATION IN ALL THINGS’: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF GOVERNANCE QUALITY

Comparative measures of aspects of government in different countries are a rapidly growing industry. This paper offers a broad‐ranging critique of the state of the art. The two central questions are (a) How do currently available international measures of governance gain attention from non‐expert audiences, and (b), How understandable are they likely to be to these audiences?’ Findings from a range of relevant literature are brought to bear on three prominent sets of international measures, and conclusions are drawn.     

土地利用规划环境影响评价若干问题探讨

研究目的 :探讨土地利用规划环境影响评价有关问题 ,为土地利用规划修编提供基础。研究方法 :综合分析法。研究结果 :提出了土地利用规划环境影响评价的内涵、基本工作程序、指标体系与评价方法。研究结论 :应深入开展土地利用规划环境影响评价研究 ,尽快出台相关技术规程。     

Assessing the sustainability of Irish agriculture

Indicators encompassing the multidimensional nature of sustainability (economic, environmental and social) are developed here using Irish National Farm Survey data over an 11-year period (1996–2006). This is the first such study undertaken for Ireland, and the results show significant change over the decade in all three areas examined. The general concept of sustainability is discussed and the development of agricultural sustainability indicators in an Irish context is described. Individual indicators are dealt with in turn, and the RERC SMILE model is used to demonstrate how these indicators can be derived at a spatial level below the national scale. Economic viability was found to be generally in decline over the 10-year period examined. However, when individual farming systems were taken into account, some were found to perform better than others. From an environmental perspective, the more intensive farming systems (primarily dairy) were found to pollute more on average, while in more general terms the levels of methane emissions produced per hectare have been falling over the reference period. Results also indicate that rural Ireland is experiencing a period of fundamental change in terms of the demographic viability of its farming community.     

Developing sustainable tourism through adaptive resource management: a case study of Machu Picchu,Peru

Machu Picchu, Peru, is recognized as a top international travel destination. Pressure from the approximately 900,000 tourists who annually visit the ancient Inca city threatens the ecological integrity, physical substance and cultural authenticity of the World Heritage Site and surrounding area, including the Inca Trail. Multiple organizations and agencies currently involved in the management of Machu Picchu have distinct agendas for the conservation and development of the city, and conflicts regarding public access, economic growth and cultural preservation are rampant. Attempts to establish carrying capacities have failed, with proposed daily visitor levels ranging from 800 to 4000. This paper explores the complex issues surrounding tourism at Machu Picchu and presents a potential solution: an adaptive management approach based on the UN World Tourism Organization's (UNWTO) sustainable tourism framework. This integrative strategy accounts for multiple perspectives and synthesizes disparate goals embraced by diverse stakeholders, including the Peruvian government, international conservation organizations, foreign tourists, private tour operators, regional authorities and indigenous communities. The focus on Machu Picchu as an adaptive management case study site outlines key steps leading to implementation, offering planning and policy implications for sustainability initiatives at numerous developing-world tourism destinations facing similar political and socio-economic challenges.     

北京市生态文明建设评价研究

生态文明建设是北京市社会经济发展的重要战略方向。通过专家咨询法,结合区域现状,建立了适用于北京市的生态文明建设水平评价指标体系,指标体系包含生态环境、生态经济、生态行为、生态安全、生态文化和生态社会六个方面。对北京市的生态文明建设水平进行了评价,并分析了其时间动态趋势。结果表明,北京市生态文明建设水平在2004年到2008年间呈稳步上升的趋势,其中生态环境、生态经济和生态安全的水平提高显著,而生态行为、生态文化和生态社会水平出现不同程度的起伏。北京市2007年以前处于生态文明建设的准备阶段,到2008年已经接近生态文明建设的中级阶段。此外,分析了北京市生态文明建设水平变化的影响因素,并提出了推进北京市生态文明建设的途径。     

A green economy indicator framework for tourism destinations

This paper presents a green economy indicator framework for tourism destinations which has been developed in the case study destination of Bali, Indonesia. Whilst the term “green economy” can have many interpretations, here it refers to the global strategy framework surrounding Rio+20, as well as the policies and strategies being developed by tourism destinations as a response. Many uncertainties remain about the effectiveness of these efforts and how they may be measured. For lesser developed countries in particular, reliable data is often difficult to obtain and this study uses a case study approach to identify the relevant, and measurable, indicators in this context. First, a nominal group technique was applied to identify the green economy issues for local tourism stakeholders. The indicators were then selected based on the green economy literature and a review of the available secondary data for the destination. Data on greenhouse gas emissions from tourism was identified as one of the critical gaps and an estimate is provided to show how this could be obtained and monitored. While this indicator framework was developed specifically for Bali, the case study may be relevant for many other island destinations in the lesser developed world that are experiencing rapid tourism growth.